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China Merchants Bank Co Ltd Class H (HK:3968)
:3968

China Merchants Bank Co (3968) AI Stock Analysis

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HK:3968

China Merchants Bank Co

(3968)

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Outperform 82 (OpenAI - 4o)
Rating:82Outperform
Price Target:
HK$60.00
â–²(19.05% Upside)
China Merchants Bank scores well due to its robust financial performance and attractive valuation. Technical indicators show positive momentum, though caution is advised due to potential overbought conditions. The earnings call highlighted both strengths in asset growth and challenges in income, but the bank's strategic focus remains promising.

China Merchants Bank Co (3968) vs. iShares MSCI Hong Kong ETF (EWH)

China Merchants Bank Co Business Overview & Revenue Model

Company DescriptionChina Merchants Bank Co., Ltd., together with its subsidiaries, provides various banking products and services. It operates through Wholesale Finance Business, Retail Finance Business, and Other Business segments. The company offers current, demand, time, call, savings, notice, and renminbi accounts. Its loan products include personal commercial real estate, consumption, housing, and car loans; loans to finance for studying abroad; micro-business loans; mortgage loans for equipment; joint guarantee, special guarantee, and housing mortgage loan; bank acceptance, discount, liquid capital, and fixed asset loans; and loans for vessels. The company also offers credit cards; insurance products; open-ended funds; discount and guarantees for commercial bills, redemption of commercial bills, and guaranteed discount for commercial acceptance bills; and financial consultation, debt financing underwriting, merger and acquisition financing, and equity financing and enterprise listing services. In addition, it provides forfeiting and risk participation, escrow, cross-border RMB clearing, and interbank services; and risk and financial management, cross-border RMB and oversea financing, international factoring and settlement, and trade finance services. Further, the company offers financial leasing and guarantee, investment and wealth management, forex option and gold trading, forex express trading, international, offshore and private banking, custody, pension, and electronic banking services. As of December 31, 2021, it operated 143 branches; 1,770 sub-branches; one branch-level operation center; 2,812 self-service centers; 6,592 self-service machines; one representative office; 14,746 visual counters in Mainland China. The company also operates in Hong Kong, New York, London, Singapore, Luxembourg, Sydney, and Taipei. China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. was founded in 1987 and is headquartered in Shenzhen, China.
How the Company Makes MoneyChina Merchants Bank generates revenue primarily through interest income from loans, fees from various banking services, and investment income. The main revenue streams include interest earned from personal and corporate loans, which constitutes a significant portion of their earnings. Additionally, the bank earns fees from services such as account management, transaction processing, and wealth management advisory services. The bank also engages in treasury operations, generating income through investments in bonds and other financial instruments. Strategic partnerships with fintech companies and other financial institutions enhance their service offerings and operational efficiency, contributing positively to their overall revenue. Furthermore, the growing demand for digital banking solutions has allowed CMBC to tap into the increasing number of retail banking customers, thereby expanding its customer base and revenue potential.

China Merchants Bank Co Earnings Call Summary

Earnings Call Date:Oct 29, 2025
(Q3-2025)
|
% Change Since: |
Next Earnings Date:Mar 28, 2026
Earnings Call Sentiment Neutral
The earnings call reflected a mixed performance for China Merchants Bank. While there were notable achievements in asset growth, wealth management, and asset quality, challenges such as declining net operating income, lower capital ratios, and weak retail loan demand were apparent. Despite these issues, the bank's strategic focus on stable growth and asset management provides a positive outlook.
Q3-2025 Updates
Positive Updates
Stable Core Profit Indicators
ROAA and ROAE maintained at high levels of 1.22% and 13.96% respectively, with slight increases compared to the first half of the year.
Retail AUM Growth
Retail AUM reached RMB 16.6 trillion, a growth rate of 11% compared to the end of last year, with retail client numbers increasing by 4.76%.
Wealth Management Business Growth
Wealth management fee and commission income rose by 18% year-on-year, the first positive growth in three years.
Stable Asset Quality
NPL ratio decreased by 0.01 percentage points to 0.94%, with an allowance coverage ratio of 405.93%.
Corporate Loan Growth
Corporate loans increased by 10.01% compared to last year-end, with significant contributions from manufacturing and power sectors.
Negative Updates
Net Operating Income Decline
Net operating income decreased by 0.52% year-on-year, although the decline narrowed compared to the first half.
Decreasing Capital Ratios
CET1 CAR, Tier 1 CAR, and total capital ratio decreased by 0.93, 1.23, and 1.46 percentage points respectively compared to last year-end.
Weak Retail Loan Demand
Retail loans growth was only 1.43%, with pressure on loan yields and insufficient effective credit demand.
Interest Margin Pressure
Net interest margin decreased by 12 bps year-on-year, though the rate of decrease has narrowed.
Company Guidance
In the call, China Merchants Bank provided detailed guidance on various financial metrics for the first three quarters of 2025. The bank reported a net operating income of RMB 251.28 billion, a slight year-on-year decrease of 0.52%, while the net profit attributable to shareholders increased by 0.52% to RMB 113.7 billion. Key profitability ratios such as ROAA and ROAE were maintained at 1.22% and 13.96%, respectively. The bank's cost-to-income ratio was 29.86%, and it reported a CET1 capital adequacy ratio of 13.93%. Total assets grew to RMB 12.64 trillion, with retail loans comprising 51.8% of the total loan book. Despite facing challenges like a weak retail loan demand, the bank's NII grew by 1.74% to RMB 160.04 billion, though the NIM decreased by 12 basis points year-on-year. Wealth management services showed robust growth, with retail assets under management increasing by 11% to RMB 16.6 trillion. Asset quality was stable, with a non-performing loan ratio of 0.94%. The bank emphasized its focus on balancing quality, profitability, and scale while navigating an uncertain external environment.

China Merchants Bank Co Financial Statement Overview

Summary
China Merchants Bank demonstrates strong financial health with solid profitability, a robust balance sheet free of debt, and efficient cash flow management. The bank's revenue growth and sound financial strategies position it favorably within the regional banking sector. However, vigilance is needed to maintain cash flow growth for long-term stability.
Income Statement
China Merchants Bank has shown solid growth with a steady revenue increase from 2023 to 2024. The gross profit margin remains high due to the bank's nature, with a net profit margin also showing strength. While there is a lack of EBIT and EBITDA data for the latest year, the net income has grown, indicating efficient cost management.
Balance Sheet
The bank exhibits a strong balance sheet with zero total debt in 2024, indicating excellent financial health. The equity has also grown, reflecting positive shareholder value. The equity ratio is favorable, showing a stable balance between assets and equity, which minimizes risk.
Cash Flow
The operating cash flow has increased significantly, boosting the free cash flow. The bank demonstrates strong cash generation capabilities, which supports its operational stability. The free cash flow to net income ratio is healthy, although a decrease in free cash flow growth signals a need for caution in future cash management.
BreakdownTTMDec 2024Dec 2023Dec 2022Dec 2021Dec 2020
Income Statement
Total Revenue484.77B497.85B497.59B477.40B450.36B225.61B
Gross Profit250.44B334.86B336.65B342.26B327.22B225.61B
EBITDA180.73B194.24B192.06B179.72B161.70B0.00
Net Income152.58B148.39B146.60B138.01B119.92B97.34B
Balance Sheet
Total Assets13.82T12.15T11.03T10.14T9.25T8.36T
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments0.002.10T1.07T960.91B846.62B876.67B
Total Debt1.76T471.07B436.55B455.39B631.11B609.26B
Total Liabilities12.59T10.92T9.94T9.18T8.38T7.63T
Stockholders Equity1.22T1.23T1.08T945.50B858.75B723.75B
Cash Flow
Free Cash Flow291.63B412.09B327.59B535.25B157.89B402.20B
Operating Cash Flow316.95B447.02B357.75B570.14B182.05B421.33B
Investing Cash Flow-535.84B-292.86B-255.11B-513.93B-19.70B-240.75B
Financing Cash Flow-102.95B2.15B-72.99B-297.03B89.36B-211.79B

China Merchants Bank Co Technical Analysis

Technical Analysis Sentiment
Neutral
Last Price50.40
Price Trends
50DMA
51.45
Negative
100DMA
49.65
Positive
200DMA
48.75
Positive
Market Momentum
MACD
0.11
Positive
RSI
42.76
Neutral
STOCH
25.85
Neutral
Evaluating momentum and price trends is crucial in stock analysis to make informed investment decisions. For HK:3968, the sentiment is Neutral. The current price of 50.4 is below the 20-day moving average (MA) of 51.38, below the 50-day MA of 51.45, and above the 200-day MA of 48.75, indicating a neutral trend. The MACD of 0.11 indicates Positive momentum. The RSI at 42.76 is Neutral, neither overbought nor oversold. The STOCH value of 25.85 is Neutral, not indicating any strong overbought or oversold conditions. Overall, these indicators collectively point to a Neutral sentiment for HK:3968.

China Merchants Bank Co Peers Comparison

Overall Rating
UnderperformOutperform
Sector (68)
Financial Indicators
Name
Overall Rating
Market Cap
P/E Ratio
ROE
Dividend Yield
Revenue Growth
EPS Growth
82
Outperform
HK$1.18T7.86―4.26%-4.57%1.77%
72
Outperform
HK$224.13B5.02―5.53%-8.41%-5.52%
68
Neutral
$18.00B11.429.92%3.81%9.73%1.22%
64
Neutral
HK$438.54B5.029.71%5.76%-5.46%0.33%
62
Neutral
HK$674.19B5.939.30%5.37%-1.54%-3.95%
60
Neutral
HK$407.69B10.1112.04%5.80%1.90%12.81%
57
Neutral
HK$183.35B5.445.16%9.09%-7.28%-5.00%
* Financial Sector Average
Performance Comparison
Ticker
Company Name
Price
Change
% Change
HK:3968
China Merchants Bank Co
50.15
13.40
36.45%
HK:2388
BOC Hong Kong (Holdings)
38.56
15.62
68.09%
HK:6818
China Everbright Bank Co
3.58
0.88
32.40%
HK:1988
China Minsheng Banking
3.86
0.64
19.95%
HK:0998
China CITIC Bank
6.87
1.96
40.06%
HK:1658
Postal Savings Bank of China Co., Ltd. Class H
5.06
0.85
20.19%

China Merchants Bank Co Corporate Events

China Merchants Bank Announces Resignation of Non-Executive Director Sun Yunfei
Dec 30, 2025

China Merchants Bank has announced that non-executive director Sun Yunfei will resign from the board and from his role as a member of the Strategy and Sustainable Development Committee, effective 30 December 2025, citing age as the reason for his departure before the end of his original term in June 2028. The bank stated that Sun’s resignation will not reduce the board below its quorum requirement, that he has completed all required work handover, and that he has no disagreements with the board or issues needing disclosure to shareholders or creditors, indicating limited governance or operational disruption while the board expressed formal appreciation for his contributions.

The most recent analyst rating on (HK:3968) stock is a Buy with a HK$60.00 price target. To see the full list of analyst forecasts on China Merchants Bank Co stock, see the HK:3968 Stock Forecast page.

China Merchants Bank Details Board Line-up and Committee Roles
Dec 30, 2025

China Merchants Bank has published an updated list of its board of directors and detailed the allocation of roles across six specialized board committees, clarifying the responsibilities of shareholder, executive and independent non-executive directors. The announcement outlines which directors chair or sit on key bodies covering strategy and sustainable development, nomination, remuneration and appraisal, risk and capital management, audit, and related party transactions and consumer rights protection, underscoring the bank’s emphasis on structured corporate governance, risk oversight and stakeholder protection.

The most recent analyst rating on (HK:3968) stock is a Buy with a HK$60.00 price target. To see the full list of analyst forecasts on China Merchants Bank Co stock, see the HK:3968 Stock Forecast page.

China Merchants Bank Gains Regulatory Nod for New Board Appointments as Two Independent Directors Step Down
Dec 30, 2025

China Merchants Bank has received regulatory approval from China’s National Financial Regulatory Administration for the appointment qualifications of Ma Xianghui as a shareholder (non-executive) director, and of Wong Yuk Shan and Lu Liping as independent non-executive directors, with all three appointments taking effect on 29–30 December 2025 and lasting until the end of the bank’s thirteenth board term. At the same time, the terms of independent non-executive directors Li Menggang and Liu Qiao have expired, and both are stepping down from the board and its special committees after completing formal handover procedures, with the bank emphasizing that their departures do not affect board quorum and that there are no disagreements or unresolved commitments, pointing to a planned and orderly board transition.

The most recent analyst rating on (HK:3968) stock is a Buy with a HK$60.00 price target. To see the full list of analyst forecasts on China Merchants Bank Co stock, see the HK:3968 Stock Forecast page.

China Merchants Bank Approves RMB25.5 Billion Interim Dividend for First Half of 2025
Dec 29, 2025

China Merchants Bank has approved an interim profit distribution for the first half of 2025, based on audited interim results showing retained earnings of RMB574.204 billion at the legal entity level and net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of RMB72.955 billion on a consolidated basis. The board confirmed that 35% of these interim profits will be paid out as cash dividends, equating to RMB1.013 per share (tax inclusive) for both A and H shareholders on the register as of the record date, with H-share investors receiving approximately HK$1.118595 per share based on a predefined exchange rate. Using the current total ordinary share capital of 25,219,845,601 shares, the aggregate dividend amounts to about RMB25.548 billion, corresponding to a slightly above-target cash payout ratio of 35.02% due to rounding, and the plan has already been cleared through the bank’s board, supervisory board and 2024 annual general meeting, so no further shareholder approval is needed. The distribution, to be executed through CMB Wing Lung (Trustee) Limited for H shares with payment expected around 9 February 2026, reinforces the bank’s commitment to regular cash returns for investors and highlights its strong earnings capacity in a challenging operating environment for Chinese lenders.

The most recent analyst rating on (HK:3968) stock is a Buy with a HK$60.00 price target. To see the full list of analyst forecasts on China Merchants Bank Co stock, see the HK:3968 Stock Forecast page.

China Merchants Bank Declares Interim Dividend for First Half of 2025
Dec 29, 2025

China Merchants Bank has declared an interim ordinary cash dividend of RMB 1.013 per share for the six months ended 30 June 2025, equivalent to HKD 1.118595 per H share based on an exchange rate of RMB 1 to HKD 1.10424, for the financial year ending 31 December 2025. The dividend, already approved by shareholders on 25 June 2025, will go ex-dividend on 14 January 2026, with the record date set for 21 January 2026 and payment scheduled for 9 February 2026, while detailed withholding tax arrangements specify a 10% tax on dividends for non-resident individuals, non-resident enterprises and Northbound Trading investors, and a 20% rate for individual Southbound Trading investors, clarifying the after-tax entitlements for different categories of shareholders.

The most recent analyst rating on (HK:3968) stock is a Buy with a HK$60.00 price target. To see the full list of analyst forecasts on China Merchants Bank Co stock, see the HK:3968 Stock Forecast page.

China Merchants Bank Nominates Veteran Financier Wang Xiaoqing as Non-Executive Director
Dec 29, 2025

China Merchants Bank has proposed the appointment of Wang Xiaoqing as a non-executive (shareholder) director for its thirteenth board session, following unanimous approval of his nomination by the board on 29 December 2025. His appointment remains subject to approval at the general meeting and subsequent regulatory clearance from the National Financial Regulatory Administration, with his term to run until the current board’s expiry. Wang, an economist with a doctorate in Political Economics from Fudan University, currently serves as general manager of China Merchants Financial Holdings and brings extensive experience in asset management, risk management and senior leadership roles within China Merchants Bank and other major financial institutions. The bank emphasized that Wang holds a modest personal shareholding in the company, has no disqualifying records or conflicts of interest, and will not receive director remuneration if appointed, signaling a governance-focused strengthening of its board without immediate financial impact on the company.

The most recent analyst rating on (HK:3968) stock is a Buy with a HK$60.00 price target. To see the full list of analyst forecasts on China Merchants Bank Co stock, see the HK:3968 Stock Forecast page.

China Merchants Bank Renews Three-Year Fund Distribution Deal With CM Fund Unit
Dec 22, 2025

China Merchants Bank has entered into a new three-year Fund Business Co-operation Agreement with its non-wholly owned subsidiary China Merchants Fund Management (CMFM), effective from 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2028, to continue providing agency distribution and related services for CMFM-managed investment funds. The arrangement, which sets fees on an arm’s-length basis and at rates no less favourable than those offered to independent third parties, has been classified under Hong Kong Listing Rules as a non-exempt continuing connected transaction subject to reporting, annual review and announcement requirements, but exempt from independent shareholders’ approval, underscoring the bank’s ongoing integration of fund distribution within its broader financial services while maintaining regulatory compliance and fair pricing for stakeholders.

The most recent analyst rating on (HK:3968) stock is a Buy with a HK$60.00 price target. To see the full list of analyst forecasts on China Merchants Bank Co stock, see the HK:3968 Stock Forecast page.

China Merchants Bank Abolishes Board of Supervisors After Governance Overhaul Approval
Dec 19, 2025

China Merchants Bank has received regulatory approval from the National Financial Regulatory Administration for its 2025 revision of the Articles of Association, paving the way for a structural overhaul of its governance framework. Effective 18 December 2025, the bank will abolish its Board of Supervisors and transfer the supervisory functions and powers required by law to the Audit Committee under the Board of Directors, while simultaneously repealing the procedural rules governing the former supervisory body; the existing supervisors have stepped down without disagreement, signaling an orderly transition that aligns the bank’s governance structure with evolving regulatory expectations and potentially streamlines oversight and decision-making.

The most recent analyst rating on (HK:3968) stock is a Buy with a HK$60.00 price target. To see the full list of analyst forecasts on China Merchants Bank Co stock, see the HK:3968 Stock Forecast page.

China Merchants Bank Announces Dividend Distribution for Preference Shares
Dec 5, 2025

China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. has announced the implementation of its dividend distribution plan for domestic preference shares, with a declared cash dividend of RMB3.62 per share, totaling RMB995.5 million. This decision, approved by the board of directors, reflects the company’s commitment to delivering value to its shareholders and maintaining a robust financial strategy, potentially impacting its market positioning and stakeholder relations positively.

The most recent analyst rating on (HK:3968) stock is a Buy with a HK$60.00 price target. To see the full list of analyst forecasts on China Merchants Bank Co stock, see the HK:3968 Stock Forecast page.

China Merchants Bank Launches New Financial Asset Investment Subsidiary
Nov 21, 2025

China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. has received approval from the National Financial Regulatory Administration to commence business operations for its new subsidiary, China Merchants Bank Financial Asset Investment Co., Ltd., with a registered capital of RMB15.0 billion. This strategic move aims to enhance the company’s operational capabilities by conducting market-based debt-to-equity swaps and pilot operations in equity investments, thereby driving high-quality development and supporting technological innovation.

The most recent analyst rating on (HK:3968) stock is a Buy with a HK$60.00 price target. To see the full list of analyst forecasts on China Merchants Bank Co stock, see the HK:3968 Stock Forecast page.

China Merchants Bank Announces New Director Appointment
Nov 4, 2025

China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. announced the approval of Deng Renjie’s appointment as a non-executive director by the National Financial Regulatory Administration. This appointment, effective from October 30, 2025, is expected to influence the strategic direction of the bank as it continues to navigate the competitive financial services industry.

The most recent analyst rating on (HK:3968) stock is a Buy with a HK$60.00 price target. To see the full list of analyst forecasts on China Merchants Bank Co stock, see the HK:3968 Stock Forecast page.

China Merchants Bank Announces Board Composition and Roles
Nov 4, 2025

China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. has announced the composition of its board of directors, detailing the roles and functions of each member. The board includes shareholder directors, executive directors, and independent non-executive directors, with various members serving on six special committees. This announcement underscores the bank’s commitment to structured governance and strategic oversight, potentially impacting its operational efficiency and stakeholder confidence.

The most recent analyst rating on (HK:3968) stock is a Buy with a HK$60.00 price target. To see the full list of analyst forecasts on China Merchants Bank Co stock, see the HK:3968 Stock Forecast page.

China Merchants Bank Releases Q3 2025 Financial Report
Oct 29, 2025

China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. has released its unaudited third quarterly report for 2025, prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards. The report has been reviewed and approved by the company’s Board of Directors and Supervisors, confirming its accuracy and completeness. This announcement underscores the bank’s commitment to transparency and accountability in its financial reporting, which is crucial for maintaining investor confidence and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards.

The most recent analyst rating on (HK:3968) stock is a Buy with a HK$60.00 price target. To see the full list of analyst forecasts on China Merchants Bank Co stock, see the HK:3968 Stock Forecast page.

China Merchants Bank Appoints New Non-Executive Director
Oct 28, 2025

China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. has announced the approval of Jiang Chaoyang’s appointment as a non-executive director, effective from October 24, 2025. This strategic appointment is expected to strengthen the company’s leadership, potentially impacting its operations and market positioning positively.

The most recent analyst rating on (HK:3968) stock is a Buy with a HK$60.00 price target. To see the full list of analyst forecasts on China Merchants Bank Co stock, see the HK:3968 Stock Forecast page.

China Merchants Bank Announces Board Composition and Committee Roles
Oct 28, 2025

China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. has announced the composition of its Board of Directors, detailing the roles and functions of each member. This announcement includes the establishment of six special committees, each with specific responsibilities, which are expected to enhance the bank’s governance and strategic oversight. The restructuring aims to bolster the bank’s operational efficiency and strengthen its market position, potentially impacting stakeholders positively by ensuring robust risk management and consumer rights protection.

The most recent analyst rating on (HK:3968) stock is a Buy with a HK$60.00 price target. To see the full list of analyst forecasts on China Merchants Bank Co stock, see the HK:3968 Stock Forecast page.

China Merchants Bank to Announce Q3 2025 Results and Host Investor Conference
Oct 23, 2025

China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. announced it will disclose its 2025 third quarterly results on October 29, 2025, via the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited website. To provide investors with a comprehensive understanding of its financial performance, the company will hold an online audio press conference on October 31, 2025, where key executives, including the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, will address investor queries. This initiative aims to enhance transparency and engage stakeholders effectively.

The most recent analyst rating on (HK:3968) stock is a Buy with a HK$60.00 price target. To see the full list of analyst forecasts on China Merchants Bank Co stock, see the HK:3968 Stock Forecast page.

China Merchants Bank to Announce Q3 2025 Results
Oct 17, 2025

China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. announced that its board of directors will meet on October 29, 2025, to review and approve the company’s third-quarter results for the period ending September 30, 2025. This meeting is significant as it will provide insights into the company’s financial performance and could impact its market positioning and stakeholder confidence.

The most recent analyst rating on (HK:3968) stock is a Buy with a HK$60.00 price target. To see the full list of analyst forecasts on China Merchants Bank Co stock, see the HK:3968 Stock Forecast page.

Glossary
BuyA stock rated as a "Buy" is expected to perform better than the overall market or a specific benchmark over the near-to-medium term. This rating suggests the stock is likely to deliver higher returns compared to other stocks in the same sector or market index. Note: This is not investment advice; please consult a financial advisor before making investment decisions.
HoldA stock rated as a "Hold" is expected to perform in line with the overall market or a specific benchmark. This rating indicates that the stock is neither particularly compelling nor unfavorable for investment. Note: This is not investment advice; please consult a financial advisor before making investment decisions.
SellA stock rated as a "Sell" is expected to perform worse than the overall market or a specific benchmark over the near-to-medium term. This rating suggests the stock may deliver lower returns compared to other stocks in the same sector or market index. Note: This is not investment advice; please consult a financial advisor before making investment decisions.

Disclaimer

This AI Analyst Stock Report is automatically generated by our AI systems using advanced algorithms and publicly available financial, technical, and market data. While the information provided aims to be accurate and insightful, it is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. Any content created by an AI (Artificial Intelligence) system may contain inaccuracies and/or contain errors. Investing in stocks carries inherent risks, and past performance is not indicative of future results. This report does not account for your personal financial circumstances, objectives, or risk tolerance. Always conduct your own research or consult with a qualified financial advisor before making investment decisions. The analysis and recommendations provided are based on historical and current data and may not fully reflect future market conditions or unexpected developments. Neither the creators of this report nor its affiliated entities guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of the information presented. Use this report at your own discretion and risk.Date of analysis: Nov 18, 2025