Improved Insurance Profitability and Combined Ratio
Markel Insurance generated a 92.9% combined ratio in Q4 (vs. 95.9% a year ago, a 3-point improvement) and a 94.6% combined ratio for the full year (1 point better than prior year). Adjusted operating income for the insurance segment was $1.4B for 2025 (up from $1.2B in 2024) and $399M in the quarter (up 31% year-over-year). The segment also produced a 14% return on equity for 2025 (5-year trailing ROE 13%).
Strong Financial Segment Performance
The Financial segment delivered $327M of adjusted operating income in 2025, up 25% versus 2024. Revenues for the segment were $737M for the year, up 24% year-over-year, with organic revenue growth of 17% driven by higher performance fees, increased management fees in ILS, and higher premium volumes.
Robust Investment and Cash Flow Results
Operating cash flow rose to $2.8B in 2025 (from $2.6B in 2024). The public equity portfolio returned 10.5% for the year, generated $156M of dividend income, and ended the year with a market value of $13B and an unrealized gain of $8.9B. Net investment income was $970M for the year (up ~5% year-over-year) and fixed income portfolio yield was 3.6% in Q4; new money reinvested at ~4%.
Consolidated Adjusted Operating Income Growth
Consolidated adjusted operating income (excludes net investment gains and amortization) totaled $2.3B for 2025, up 10% versus $2.1B in 2024. Q4 adjusted operating income was $626M, up 19% year-over-year.
International Insurance Expansion and Results
The International insurance division grew gross written premium by 14% for the year and posted standout profitability (International combined ratio ~83% for the year and 80.5% in Q4), with growth across Asia Pacific (+30%), EU (+20%), and London (+13%). Management attributes results to prior strategic portfolio refocusing and targeted investments.
Disciplined Capital Allocation and Balance Sheet Moves
Management deployed cash with discipline: $1.4B in fixed maturity net purchases, $207M in PPE, $143M net purchases of public equities, $170M in bolt-on investments, redeemed $600M of preferred shares, and repurchased $430M of common stock. Despite deployments, cash increased by $411M and reserves remain strong with $484M (6 points) of favorable prior-year reserve development in 2025.