Operational Performance and Record Yields
Four plants reached historical production volumes and seven plants achieved record ethanol yields in 2025; fleet generated volumes above prior stated capacities, driving improved throughput and efficiency.
Production Capacity Re-statement
Company increased its stated production capacity (excluding Fairmont) to 730 million gallons/year, a 10% increase over the previous stated capacity. Notable plant capacity changes: Central City and Wood River to 120M gal/yr each, Mount Vernon to 110M, Madison to 100M, Shenandoah to 80M, Otter Tail and Superior to 70M each, and York from 50M to 60M.
Carbon Capture Operational and Financial Progress
CO2 compression equipment at three Nebraska plants became fully operational in Q4 with five compressors online capturing >90% of CO2; CO2 is being sequestered in Wyoming which lowers CI scores and is already generating cash flow. Management estimates carbon-related EBITDA of at least $188 million for 2026 (subject to volumes and CI factors), including ~ $150M from Nebraska (inclusive of voluntary credits) and ~$38M from other low-CI plants.
Strong Q4 Adjusted EBITDA Turnaround
Q4 2025 adjusted EBITDA of $49.1 million versus negative $18.2 million in Q4 2024 — an improvement of more than $67 million year-over-year, reflecting operational execution, cost discipline, and early carbon monetization.
Net Income Improvement
Q4 2025 reported net income attributable to Green Plains of $11.9 million ($0.17 per diluted share) versus a Q4 2024 net loss of $54.9 million (−$0.86 per diluted share), representing a material swing to profitability.
Tax Credit Realizations and Initial Cash Receipts
45Z clean fuel production tax credits generated $27.7 million in the quarter (net of discounts) and the company received its first payment for transferred credits; management reports active marketing interest for 2026 credits and anticipates an announcement soon.
Balance Sheet and Liquidity Improvements
Refinanced the majority of 2027 convertible notes with a new $200M convertible due 2030 and used $30M of that to repurchase ~2.9M shares; company reports no near-term debt maturities. Consolidated liquidity at quarter-end: $230.1M in cash and equivalents and $325M revolver availability. Federal NOL balance of $260.2M for future tax efficiency.
Cost Reductions and Expense Guidance
Q4 SG&A was $22.9M, down $2.8M YoY. Management expects a consolidated SG&A run rate in the low $90M for 2026, an improvement of more than $25M versus 2024. Q4 interest expense was $6.1M, down $1.6M YoY; 2026 interest expense guidance is $30–35M.
Market Fundamentals and Hedging
Ethanol exports remain strong, a record corn crop is keeping feedstock costs in check, corn oil values improved versus last year, and management has hedged a significant portion of Q1 production margin — supporting resilient ethanol margins.