Wavelength Revenue and Footprint Expansion
Wavelength revenue was $12.1M in Q4, up 74% year-over-year and ~19% sequentially; full-year 2025 wavelength revenue was $38.5M, +100% YoY. The service footprint increased to ~1,096 enabled locations (1,068 at year-end reported) with ~2,064 wavelength connections (end of quarter) and provisioning intervals of ~30 days. Wavelength customers grew 18% sequentially and 85% YoY for the year.
Strong Gross Margin Improvement
Q4 gross margin was $112.5M, up $1.6M sequentially; gross margin rate increased 100 bps sequentially to 46.8%. Full-year 2025 gross margin was $442.7M, up $46.7M YoY; full-year gross margin rate improved to 45.4% from 38.2% (+720 bps YoY).
EBITDA and Margin Expansion (Multiple Measures)
Quarterly EBITDA as adjusted increased by $3.0M to $76.7M with adjusted EBITDA margin (Dave’s metric) expanding ~140 bps to 31.9% sequentially. EBITDA Classic for full year 2025 was ~$192.8M, up ~$70M YoY from ~$122.8M, and EBITDA Classic margin rose to 19.8% from 11.9% (+~790 bps YoY).
On-net Revenue Mix Shift Toward Higher-Margin Products
On-net revenues rose materially: on-net as a percentage of total revenues increased from 47% in 2023 to ~61% this quarter (off-net fell from 48% to ~39%; non-core down from 5% to <1%). On-net revenue (including on-net wavelength) was $146.4M in the quarter, +7.8% YoY and +0.6% sequentially.
IPv4 Leasing Acceleration
Full-year 2025 IPv4 leasing revenue was $64.5M, +44% YoY. Leased addresses totaled 15.3M (up 2.2M or +17% YoY) and Cogent holds title to 37.8M IPv4 addresses, supporting ongoing leasing revenue.
Traffic and Sales Trends
IP network traffic grew 4% sequentially and 10% YoY in the quarter (9% for the full year). Over 80% of 2025 sales were on-net. Sales force: 590 quota-bearing reps; sales rep productivity was 4.1 units in Q4 (improved vs 2024). Churn improved: on-net monthly churn 1.2% (1.3% prior quarter), off-net 1.9% (2.1% prior quarter), wavelength <0.5%.
Capital Intensity and CapEx Progress
CapEx declined as integration and data-center modernization completed; Q4 CapEx $37M and full-year CapEx $187.6M. Management cited a $41M reduction in CapEx tied to completion of reconfiguration work in Sprint-acquired facilities and conversion of 125 facilities into data centers.
Improving Leverage Metrics and Clear Deleveraging Plan
Gross-debt leverage (adjusted) improved to 7.35 from 7.45 QoQ; net-debt ratio improved to 6.64 from 6.65. Management intends to refinance the $750M 2027 unsecured notes with $750M secured notes and targets ~4x net leverage before materially resuming returns of capital (dividends/share buybacks). T-Mobile receivables ($203.1M) are being treated as part of leverage calculus.