Margin CompressionNet and EBIT margins have declined materially over recent years, reducing the bank's ability to turn revenue into earnings. Persistent margin normalization suggests pressure from funding costs, credit provisioning or pricing, which can structurally limit earnings growth despite revenue gains.
Volatile Cash FlowPronounced year-to-year swings in operating and free cash flow complicate capital planning, dividend visibility and provisioning. For a lending franchise, unstable cash generation raises funding and liquidity risks and weakens predictability of internally funded growth.
Earnings Conversion WeaknessFlat net income despite solid revenue growth indicates challenges converting top-line gains to shareholder earnings. This signals potential rising costs, credit losses or one-off impacts that may persist and constrain ROE and retained earnings growth.