Integer Holdings (ITGR) Risk Analysis

Our business depends on a continuous supply of raw materials. The principal raw materials used in our business include platinum, stainless steel, gold, titanium, nitinol, lithium, palladium, iridium, tantalum, nickel cobalt, ruthenium, gallium trichloride, vanadium oxide, carbon monoflouride and plastics. The supply and price of raw materials may be susceptible to fluctuations due to transportation issues, government regulations, price controls, wars in Ukraine and the Middle East, increased tensions in Asia relating to China and Taiwan, changing geopolitical conditions, including any political instability resulting from war, terrorism, insurrections and foreign civil unrest, tariffs, worldwide economic conditions or other unforeseen circumstances. Increasing global demand for raw materials has caused prices of certain materials to increase. Significant increases in the cost of raw materials that cannot be recovered through increases in the prices of our products could adversely affect our results of operations. There can be no assurance that our customers will support or approve higher prices or that price increases and productivity gains or procurement deflation projects or savings will fully offset any raw material cost increases in the future. In addition, there are a limited number of worldwide suppliers of several raw materials needed to manufacture our products. For reasons of quality, cost effectiveness or availability, we obtain some raw materials from a single supplier. Although we work closely with our suppliers to seek to ensure continuity of supply, we may not be able to continue to procure raw materials critical to our business in sufficient quantities or at all or to procure them at acceptable price levels. A disruption or delay in deliveries from our suppliers, price increases or decreased availability of raw materials could have an adverse effect on our ability to meet our commitments to our customers and increase our operating costs. Finally, continued uncertainty around inflationary pressures and macroeconomic conditions have increased the risk of creating new, or exacerbating existing, economic challenges we face with regard to our supply chain. Inflation has the potential to increase our overall cost structure, and sustained inflation has resulted in, and may continue to result in, higher interest rates and capital costs, increased shipping costs, supply shortages, increased costs of labor, weakening exchange rates, and other similar effects. While we have implemented cost containment measures and taken other actions to offset these inflationary pressures in our global supply chain, we may not be able to completely offset all the increases in our operational costs. We rely on third-party manufacturers to supply many of the products and subcomponents that are incorporated into our products and components. These third-party manufacturers have their own complex supply chains and related risks, whether due to the shipping risks described below, the raw material and availability risks described above, or other causes. Manufacturing problems may occur with these and other outside sources, as a supplier may fail to develop or manufacture products and subcomponents for us on a timely basis, or may supply us with products and subcomponents that do not meet our quality, quantity and cost requirements. Our third-party suppliers are also subject to shipping risks, including container shortages, blocked shipping lanes, and port backlogs. If any of these problems occur, we may be unable to obtain substitute sources for these products and subcomponents on a timely basis or on terms acceptable to us, which could harm our ability to manufacture our own products and components profitably or on time. In addition, to the extent the processes our third-party suppliers use to manufacture products and subcomponents are proprietary, we may be unable to obtain comparable products and subcomponents from alternative suppliers. Our business is also subject to potential increased costs and expenses and others risks resulting from existing and potential future U.S. and foreign legislation, regulations and trade agreements relating to the products we manufacture outside of the U.S and import into the U.S. and other materials we import, including the tariffs on steel that the U.S. has imposed, the tariffs that the new U.S. presidential administration has imposed or threatened to impose, particularly relating to imports into the U.S. from Canada, Mexico (where we currently manufacture a significant portion of our products) and China, and other quotas, duties, tariffs or taxes or restrictions on imports, all or any of which could adversely affect our operations, increase the costs of products that we manufacture outside the U.S. or adversely impact our profits or margins. Adverse changes in import costs and restrictions, including tariffs, or the failure by us or our suppliers to comply with trade regulations or similar laws, could harm our business. If additional tariffs or trade restrictions are implemented by the U.S. or other countries in connection with a global trade war, the cost of our products manufactured in Mexico or other countries and imported into the U.S. or other countries could increase further, which, in turn, could adversely affect the demand for these products, make our products less competitive and have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Further such tariffs and, if enacted, any further legislation or actions taken by the U.S. federal government that restrict trade, such as additional tariffs, trade barriers, and other protectionist or retaliatory measures taken by governments in Europe, Asia, and other countries, could adversely impact our ability to sell products in our international markets. We cannot predict whether new or additional U.S. and foreign customs quotas, duties (including antidumping or countervailing duties), tariffs, taxes or other charges or restrictions, requirements as to where raw materials must be purchased or other restrictions on our imports will be imposed in the future or adversely modified, or what effect any such future actions would have on our costs of operations. Future quotas, duties or tariffs may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, future trade agreements or a global trade war could also provide our competitors with an advantage over us, or increase our costs, either of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Several of our customers rely on third-party payors, such as government programs and private health insurance plans, to reimburse some or all of the cost of the procedures in which our products are used. The continuing efforts of governments, insurance companies and other payors of healthcare costs to contain or reduce those costs could lead to patients being unable to obtain approval for payment from these third-party payors for procedures in which our products are used. If this occurs, sales of medical devices may decline significantly and our customers may reduce or eliminate purchases of our products or demand further price reductions. The cost containment measures that healthcare payors are instituting, both in the U.S. and internationally, could reduce our revenues and harm our operating results.

We are a global company with a complex business model. In the ordinary course of business, our operations are, and in the future are expected to continue to be, dependent on digital technologies and information technology ("IT") systems. Due to the complex nature of our business, and due to policies we have in place allowing certain of our employees to work from home from time to time, we are increasingly dependent upon our technology systems to operate our business and our ability to effectively manage our business depends on the security, reliability and adequacy of our technology systems and data. We use these technologies and systems for internal purposes, including data storage, processing and transmissions, as well as in our interactions with customers and suppliers. The security of this information and these systems are important to our operations and business strategy. Our IT systems and infrastructure have been, and in the future are expected to continue to be, subject to the risk of cyber-attacks by hackers or malware, or breach due to associate error, malfeasance or other disruptions, including natural disasters, failures in hardware or software and power fluctuations. As the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage infrastructure and systems change frequently and may be difficult to detect for long periods of time, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventive measures. If our systems for protecting against cybersecurity risks or other IT disruptions prove insufficient, our business could be disrupted, resulting in numerous consequences, including temporary or permanent loss of, damage to, third party access to, or misappropriation or public disclosure of our or a third party's intellectual property, proprietary or confidential information, or customer, supplier, or employee data; interruption of our business operations; litigation, including individual claims, consumer class actions and commercial litigation; regulatory intervention and sanctions or fines; prolonged negative publicity; and increased costs required to prevent, respond to, or mitigate such cybersecurity attacks or IT disruptions. In addition, any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed or stolen. Emerging technologies such as generative artificial intelligence (AI) may be used by malicious actors to identify vulnerabilities, create more targeted and sophisticated phishing narratives or otherwise strengthen social engineering capabilities, which may increase our threat landscape. Vulnerabilities may be introduced from the use of artificial intelligence by us, our customers, suppliers and other business partners and third-party vendors. These risks could harm our reputation and brand, and our relationships with customers, suppliers, employees and other third parties, and may result in claims or proceedings against us. In certain circumstances, we may rely on third-party vendors to process, store and transmit data for our business whose operations are subject to similar risks. While we conduct security risk assessments prior to engaging third party suppliers and other vendors and business partners to validate that they maintain appropriate safeguards to protect our and their information systems in connection with the services they provide, as described below in greater detail under Item 1C, "Cybersecurity," it is possible that they suffer a cybersecurity attack that negatively impacts us. These risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we are unable to protect our business against or efficiently respond to cybersecurity attacks, it could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, the legal and regulatory environment surrounding information security and privacy is increasingly demanding, with the imposition of new and changing requirements across businesses, including SEC rules requiring timely public disclosure of material cybersecurity incidents. We are required to comply with increasingly complex and changing legal and regulatory requirements that govern the collection, use, storage, security, transfer, disclosure and other processing of personal data in the U.S. and in other countries, including, but not limited to, HIPAA, HITECH, the California Privacy Rights Act and the EU's General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"). The GDPR imposes stringent EU data protection requirements and provides for significant penalties for noncompliance. HIPAA also imposes stringent data privacy and security requirements and the regulatory authority has imposed significant fines and penalties on organizations found to be out of compliance. We or our third-party providers and business partners may also be subjected to audits or investigations by one or more domestic or foreign government agencies relating to compliance with information security and privacy laws and regulations, and noncompliance with the laws and regulations could results in material fines or litigation.

Our business exposes us to potential product liability claims, which may take the form of a one-off claim from a single claimant or a class action lawsuit covering multiple claimants. Product failures, including those that arise from the failure to meet product specifications, misuse or malfunction, or design flaws, or the use of our products with other components, systems or medical devices not manufactured or sold by us could result in product liability claims or a recall. Many of our products are components that interact with our customers' medical devices. For example, our batteries are produced to meet electrical performance, longevity and other specifications, but the actual performance of those products is dependent on how they are utilized as part of our customers' devices over the lifetime of their products. Product performance and device interaction from time to time have been, and may in the future be, different than expected for a number of reasons. Consequently, it is possible that customers may experience problems with their medical devices that could require device recall or other corrective action, where our batteries or other products or components met the specification at delivery, and for reasons that are not related primarily or at all to any failure by our product to perform in accordance with specifications. It is possible that our customers (or end-users) may in the future assert that our products caused or contributed to device failure. Even if these assertions do not lead to product liability or contract claims, they could harm our reputation and our customer relationships. Furthermore, the design and manufacturing of finished medical devices of the types that we also produce entail an inherent risk of product liability claims. Some of the medical devices that we manufacture and sell are designed to be implanted into the human body. A number of factors could result in an unsafe condition or injury to, or death of, a patient with respect to these medical devices. These factors could also result in product liability claims, a recall of one or more of our medical devices or a safety alert relating to one or more of our medical devices. Provisions contained in our agreements with key customers attempting to limit our damages, including provisions to limit damages to liability for negligence, may not be enforceable in all instances or may otherwise fail to adequately protect us from liability for damages. Product liability claims or product recalls, regardless of their ultimate outcome and whether related to a product component or a finished medical device, could require us to spend significant time and money in litigation and require us to pay significant damages and could divert the attention of our management from our business operations. We may choose to settle product liability claims against us regardless of their actual merit, and the occurrence of product liability claims or product recalls could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. We carry product liability insurance with coverage that is limited in scope and amount. We may not be able to maintain this insurance at a reasonable cost or on reasonable terms, or at all. This insurance may not be adequate to protect us against product liability claims made against us.

Our global operations encompass multiple taxing jurisdictions. Variability in the mix and profitability of domestic and international activities, identification and resolution of various tax uncertainties, changes in tax laws and rates, and the extent to which we are able to realize net operating loss and other carryforwards included in deferred tax assets and avoid potential adverse outcomes included in deferred tax liabilities, among other matters, may significantly affect our effective income tax rate in the future. The tax regimes we are subject to or operate under may be subject to significant changes, and changes in international tax laws or additional changes in U.S. tax laws could materially affect our financial position and results of operations. Changes in applicable tax laws and regulations, or their interpretation and application, including the possibility of retroactive effect, could affect our income tax expense and profitability. Certain provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act passed in 2022, including a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax, as well as the similar 15% global minimum tax under the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD") Pillar Two Global Anti-Base Erosion Rules, may impact our income tax expense, profitability, and capital allocation decisions and may negatively impact our effective tax rate. If tax laws and related regulations change, our financial results could be materially impacted. Given the unpredictability of these possible changes and their potential interdependency, it is possible such changes could adversely impact our financial results. Our effective income tax rate is the result of the income tax rates in the various countries in which we do business. Our mix of income and losses in these jurisdictions affects our effective tax rate. For example, relatively more income in higher tax rate jurisdictions would increase our effective tax rate and thus lower our net income. Similarly, if we generate losses in tax jurisdictions for which no benefits are available, our effective income tax rate will increase. Our effective income tax rate may also be impacted by the recognition of discrete income tax items, such as required adjustments to our liabilities for uncertain tax positions or our deferred tax asset valuation allowance. Our effective income tax rate has fluctuated from 13.0% in 2022, to 15.4% in 2023 and to 18.0% for 2024. A significant increase in our effective income tax rate could have a material adverse impact on our earnings. We have recorded deferred tax assets based on our assessment that we will be able to realize the benefits of our net operating losses and other favorable tax attributes. Realization of deferred tax assets involve significant judgments and estimates which are subject to change and ultimately depends on generating sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character during the appropriate periods. Changes in circumstances may affect the likelihood of such realization, which in turn may trigger a write-down of our deferred tax assets, the amount of which would depend on a number of factors. A write-down would reduce our reported net income, which may adversely impact our financial condition or results of operations or cash flows.  In addition, we are potentially subject to ongoing and periodic tax examinations and audits in various jurisdictions, including with respect to the amount of our net operating losses and any limitation thereon. An adjustment to such net operating loss carryforwards, including an adjustment from a taxing authority, could result in higher tax costs, penalties and interest, thereby adversely impacting our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Federal, state and local regulations impose various environmental controls on the manufacturing, transportation, storage, use and disposal of batteries and hazardous chemicals and other materials used in, and hazardous waste produced by the manufacturing of our products. Conditions relating to our historical operations, including a former manufacturing facility located in South Plainfield, New Jersey previously operated by a subsidiary of Lake Region Medical, may require expenditures for clean-up in the future that could materially adversely affect our financial results. In addition, changes in environmental laws and regulations may impose costly compliance requirements on us or otherwise subject us to future liabilities. Additional or modified regulations relating to the manufacture, transportation, storage, use and disposal of materials used to manufacture our products or restricting disposal or transportation of batteries may be imposed that may result in higher costs or lower operating results. In addition, we cannot predict the effect that additional or modified environmental regulations may have on us or our customers.

In 2024, our top three customers collectively accounted for approximately 47% of our revenues. Reductions in demand from these customers has negatively impacted our results of operations during prior fiscal years and may impact our future results of operations if material reductions in demand from any of these customers recur. We do not have long-term supply agreements with all of our customers, and our customers may not agree to renew or extend our supply agreements with them. Furthermore, many of our supply agreements do not contain minimum purchase level requirements and therefore there is no guaranteed source of revenue that we can depend upon under these agreements. In addition, we are dependent on the continued growth, viability and financial stability of these customers. The markets in which these customers operate are subject to rapid technological change, vigorous competition and short product life cycles. As a result, when these customers are adversely affected by these factors, we have in the past been and may in the future be similarly adversely affected. The loss of any large customer, a material reduction of business with that customer, or a delay or failure by that customer to make payments due to us, would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

To date, we have been able to access debt and equity financing that has allowed us to complete acquisitions, make investments in growth opportunities and fund working capital requirements. In addition, we enter into financial transactions to hedge certain risks, including foreign exchange and interest rate risk, as further discussed below. Our continued access to capital markets, the stability of our lenders under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities and their willingness to support our needs, and the stability of the parties to our financial transactions that hedge risks are essential for us to meet our current and long-term obligations, fund operations, and fund our strategic initiatives. An interruption in our access to external financing or financial transactions to hedge risk could adversely affect our business prospects and financial condition. In addition, certain of our borrowings are at variable interest rates and therefore we are subject to interest rate risk. Persistent inflation, especially in Europe and the U.S., has led central banks to raise interest rates to dampen inflation. Changes in interest rates directly impact the amount of interest we pay on our variable rate obligations and continued or sustained increases in interest rates could negatively impact our business.

Customer, investor and employee expectations relating to ESG have been rapidly evolving and increasing. In addition, governmental and non-governmental organizations are enhancing or advancing requirements specific to ESG matters. The heightened stakeholder focus on ESG issues related to our business requires the continuous monitoring of various and evolving laws, regulations, standards and expectations and the associated reporting requirements. Stakeholders may begin to request or require disclosures on ESG topics such as greenhouse gas emissions, human capital matters and specific ESG-risk management practices, and we expect this trend to continue and be amplified by existing and potential legislation, such as the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive in the European Union and the SEC climate rules. A failure to adequately meet stakeholder expectations may result in material noncompliance, the loss of business, reputational impacts, reduced investor demand to purchase or continue to hold our common stock, diluted market valuation and an inability to attract customers. In addition, our adoption of certain standards or mandated compliance with certain requirements could necessitate additional investments that could increase our operating costs and have a negative impact on our profitability. The long-term effects of global climate change are difficult to predict and may be widespread. Global climate change could disrupt our operations by impacting the availability and cost of materials within our supply chain and could also increase our other operating costs. The economic and market uncertainty created by transitioning to low-carbon alternatives may result in reduced demand or product obsolescence for certain of our customers' products, which in turn would result in reduced profit margin associated with certain of our customers, or loss of customers that we may not be able to replace. Further, increased public awareness and concern regarding global climate change may result in new or enhanced legal requirements to reduce or mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas emissions. If legislation or regulations are enacted in jurisdictions in which we do business that are more stringent than our current obligations, we and companies in our supply chain may experience increased compliance burdens and costs to meet these obligations, which could cause disruption in the sourcing, manufacturing and distribution of our products and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Additionally, the impacts of climate change may further include customer preferences and requirements. Failure to meet these preferences or requirements could potentially result in loss of market share.