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Tor Minerals International Inc (TORM)
OTHER OTC:TORM
US Market
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Tor Minerals International (TORM) Risk Factors

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Public companies are required to disclose risks that can affect the business and impact the stock. These disclosures are known as “Risk Factors”. Companies disclose these risks in their yearly (Form 10-K), quarterly earnings (Form 10-Q), or “foreign private issuer” reports (Form 20-F). Risk factors show the challenges a company faces. Investors can consider the worst-case scenarios before making an investment. TipRanks’ Risk Analysis categorizes risks based on proprietary classification algorithms and machine learning.

Tor Minerals International disclosed 22 risk factors in its most recent earnings report. Tor Minerals International reported the most risks in the “Macro & Political” category.

Risk Overview Q4, 2017

Risk Distribution
22Risks
23% Macro & Political
18% Finance & Corporate
18% Production
18% Ability to Sell
14% Legal & Regulatory
9% Tech & Innovation
Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy
This chart displays the stock's most recent risk distribution according to category. TipRanks has identified 6 major categories: Finance & corporate, legal & regulatory, macro & political, production, tech & innovation, and ability to sell.

Risk Change Over Time

S&P500 Average
Sector Average
Risks removed
Risks added
Risks changed
Tor Minerals International Risk Factors
New Risk (0)
Risk Changed (0)
Risk Removed (0)
No changes from previous report
The chart shows the number of risks a company has disclosed. You can compare this to the sector average or S&P 500 average.

The quarters shown in the chart are according to the calendar year (January to December). Businesses set their own financial calendar, known as a fiscal year. For example, Walmart ends their financial year at the end of January to accommodate the holiday season.

Risk Highlights Q4, 2017

Main Risk Category
Macro & Political
With 5 Risks
Macro & Political
With 5 Risks
Number of Disclosed Risks
22
No changes from last report
S&P 500 Average: 31
22
No changes from last report
S&P 500 Average: 31
Recent Changes
0Risks added
0Risks removed
0Risks changed
Since Dec 2017
0Risks added
0Risks removed
0Risks changed
Since Dec 2017
Number of Risk Changed
0
No changes from last report
S&P 500 Average: 3
0
No changes from last report
S&P 500 Average: 3
See the risk highlights of Tor Minerals International in the last period.

Risk Word Cloud

The most common phrases about risk factors from the most recent report. Larger texts indicate more widely used phrases.

Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 22

Macro & Political
Total Risks: 5/22 (23%)Above Sector Average
Economy & Political Environment2 | 9.1%
Economy & Political Environment - Risk 1
Our business is affected by global economic factors including risks associated with declining economic conditions.
Our financial results are substantially dependent upon overall economic conditions in the United States, the EU and Asia.  Declining economic conditions or negative perceptions about economic conditions in any or all of these locations could result in a substantial decrease in demand for our products and could adversely affect our business. Uncertain economic conditions and market instability make it difficult for us, our customers and our suppliers to forecast demand trends.  Declines in demand would place additional pressure on our results of operations.  The timing and extent of any changes to currently prevailing market conditions is uncertain and supply and demand may be unbalanced at any time.  Consequently, at present, we are unable to accurately predict future economic conditions or the effect of such conditions on our financial conditions or results of operations, and we can give no assurances as to the timing, extent or duration of the current or future economic cycles impacting our industry.
Economy & Political Environment - Risk 2
We are a company with operations around the world and are exposed to general economic, political and regulatory conditions and risks in the countries in which we have operations and customers.
We operate globally and have customers in many countries. Our production facilities are located in North America, Europe and Asia.  Our principal customers are similarly global in scope and the prices of our most significant products are typically regional or world market prices. Consequently, our business and financial results are affected, directly and indirectly, by world economic conditions, including instability in credit markets, declining consumer and business confidence, fluctuating commodity prices and interest rates, volatile exchange rates and other challenges such as the changing regulatory environment. Failure to comply with applicable laws, rules, regulations or court decisions could expose us to fines, penalties and other costs. Moreover, changes in laws or regulations, such as unexpected changes in regulatory requirements (including import or export licensing requirements), or changes in reporting requirements of the U.S., European Union ("EU") or Asian governmental agencies, could increase the cost of doing business in these regions. Any of these conditions may have an effect on our business and financial results as a whole and may result in volatile current and future prices for our securities, including our stock. In addition, we have significant operations and financial relationships based in Europe. Sales originating in Europe accounted for approximately 29% of our consolidated sales revenue in 2017. Adverse conditions in the European economy may negatively impact our overall financial results due to reduced economic growth and resulting decreased end-use customer demand. Finally, conditions such as the uncertainties associated with war, terrorist activities, civil unrest, epidemics, pandemics, weather, natural disasters, the effects of climate change or political instability in any of the countries in which we operate or have significant customers or suppliers could affect us by causing delays or losses in the supply or delivery of raw materials and products, as well as increasing security costs, insurance premiums and other expenses. These conditions could also result in or lengthen economic recession in the U.S., Europe, Asia or elsewhere.
Natural and Human Disruptions2 | 9.1%
Natural and Human Disruptions - Risk 1
We are exposed to risks associated with acts of God, terrorists and others, as well as fires, explosions, wars, riots, accidents, embargoes, natural disasters, strikes and other work stoppages, quarantines and other governmental actions, and other events or circumstances that are beyond our control.
We are exposed to risks from various events that are beyond our control, which may have significant effects on our results of operations. While we attempt to mitigate these risks through appropriate loss prevention measures, insurance, contingency planning and other means, we may not be able to anticipate all risks or to reasonably or cost-effectively manage those risks that we do anticipate. As a result, our operations could be adversely affected by circumstances or events in ways that are significant and/or long lasting. The risks and uncertainties identified above are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial also may adversely affect us. If any known or unknown risks and uncertainties develop into actual events, these developments could have material adverse effects on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Natural and Human Disruptions - Risk 2
Our U.S. operation is located on the Gulf of Mexico coastline and could be adversely affected by hurricanes.
We may be subject to work stoppages for hurricanes, particularly during the period ranging from June to November.  If a hurricane is severe and our Corpus Christi plant incurs heavy damage and prolonged downtime, which may not be fully covered by insurance, our financial results would be adversely affected.
Capital Markets1 | 4.5%
Capital Markets - Risk 1
Foreign currency fluctuations could adversely impact our financial condition.
We conduct a significant portion of our operations outside the United States. Consequently, fluctuations in currencies of other countries, especially the Euro, may materially affect our operating results. Because our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. Dollars, we must translate revenues, income and expenses, as well as assets and liabilities, into U.S. Dollars based on average exchange rates prevailing during the reporting period or the exchange rate at the end of that period. Therefore, increases or decreases in value of the U.S. Dollar against other major currencies will affect our net operating revenues, operating income and the cost of balance sheet items denominated in foreign currencies. Foreign exchange rates can also impact the competitiveness of products produced in certain jurisdictions and exported for sale into other jurisdictions. These changes may impact the value received for the sale of our goods versus those of our competitors. In addition to currency translation risks, we incur a currency transaction risk whenever one of our operating subsidiaries enters into a purchase or sales transaction using a currency different from the operating subsidiary's functional currency. Given the volatility of exchange rates, particularly the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against major currencies or the currencies of large developing countries, we may not be able to manage our currency transaction and translation risks effectively.  Failure to effectively manage these risks could have an adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.  (See "Item 7.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Other Matters –  Foreign Operations – Impact of Exchange Rate").
Finance & Corporate
Total Risks: 4/22 (18%)Below Sector Average
Accounting & Financial Operations1 | 4.5%
Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 1
We are required to make estimates and assumptions that may differ from actual results.
In preparing our consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP"), we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results may differ from previously estimated amounts under different conditions and assumptions.
Debt & Financing2 | 9.1%
Debt & Financing - Risk 1
Our Malaysian debt is subject to subjective acceleration provisions and demand provisions that allow our lending institutions to accelerate payment at any time.  If TMM's debt was accelerated under the demand provisions, our working capital and financial condition would be severely impacted.
TMM has loan agreements with banks in Malaysia that provide short-term credit facilities and term loans.  These borrowings are subject to certain subjective acceleration provisions based on the judgment of the banks and demand provisions that provide that the banks may demand repayment at any time.  We believe such a demand provision is customary in Malaysia for such facilities.  At December 31, 2017, our Malaysian debt consisted of long-term debt of $309,000. If demand is made by the banks, we may require additional debt or equity financing to meet our working capital and operational requirements and to refinance our maturing or demanded indebtedness.  Should we find it necessary to raise additional funds, we may find that such funds are either not available or are available only on terms that are unattractive in terms of shareholders' interest.  If this debt could not be repaid or refinanced, the banks could foreclose and sell our foreign operations, which would adversely affect our financial condition and liquidity.
Debt & Financing - Risk 2
The insurance coverage that we maintain may not fully cover all operational risks.
We maintain property, business interruption and casualty insurance but such insurance may not cover all of the risks associated with the hazards of our business and is subject to limitations, including deductibles and maximum liabilities covered. We may incur losses beyond the limits, or outside the coverage, of our insurance policies, including liabilities for environmental remediation. In the future, the types of insurance we obtain and the level of coverage we maintain may be inadequate or we may be unable to continue to maintain our existing insurance coverage or obtain comparable insurance coverage at a reasonable cost.
Corporate Activity and Growth1 | 4.5%
Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 1
Our strategy includes seeking opportunities in new growth markets, and failure to identify or successfully enter such markets could affect our ability to grow our revenues and earnings.
Certain of our products are sold into mature markets and part of our strategy is to identify and enter into markets growing more rapidly. These growth opportunities may involve new geographies, new product lines, new technologies or new customers. We may not be successful capitalizing on such opportunities and our ability to increase our revenue and earnings could be impacted.
Production
Total Risks: 4/22 (18%)Below Sector Average
Manufacturing1 | 4.5%
Manufacturing - Risk 1
Production at our manufacturing facilities could be disrupted for a variety of reasons, which could prevent us from producing enough of our products to maintain our sales and satisfy our customers' demands.
A disruption in production at one or more of our manufacturing facilities could have a material adverse effect on our business. Disruptions could occur for many reasons, including fire, natural disasters, weather, unplanned maintenance or other manufacturing problems, disease, strikes or other labor unrest, transportation interruption, government regulation, political unrest or terrorism. Alternative facilities with sufficient capacity or capabilities may not be available, may cost substantially more or may take a significant time to start production, each of which could negatively affect our business and financial performance. If one of our key manufacturing facilities is unable to produce our products for an extended period of time, our sales may be reduced by the shortfall caused by the disruption and we may not be able to meet our customers' needs, which could cause them to seek other suppliers.
Supply Chain1 | 4.5%
Supply Chain - Risk 1
Our business is exposed to risks associated with the creditworthiness of our suppliers, customers and business partners and the industries in which our suppliers, customers and business partners participate are cyclical in nature, both of which may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Some of the industries in which our end-use customers participate, such as the automotive, electrical, construction and textile industries, are highly competitive, to a large extent driven by end-use applications, and may experience overcapacity, all of which may affect demand for and pricing of our products. Our business is exposed to risks associated with the creditworthiness of our key suppliers, customers and business partners and reductions in demand for our customers' products. These risks include the interruption of production at the facilities of our customers, the reduction, delay or cancellation of customer orders, delays in or the inability of customers to obtain financing to purchase our products, delays in or interruptions of the supply of raw materials we purchase and bankruptcy of customers, suppliers or other creditors. In addition, many of these industries are cyclical in nature, thus posing risks to us that vary throughout the year. The occurrence of any of these events may adversely affect our cash flow, profitability and financial condition.
Costs2 | 9.1%
Costs - Risk 1
Costs of raw materials and energy have resulted, and may continue to result, in increased operating expenses and reduced results of operations.
We purchase large amounts of raw materials and energy for our manufacturing operations.  The cost of these raw materials and energy, in the aggregate, represent a substantial portion of our operating expenses.  The costs of raw materials and energy generally follow price trends of, and vary with the market conditions, for crude oil and natural gas, which may be highly volatile and cyclical.  Moreover, the fluctuation of the U.S. Dollar to other currencies adds to the volatility in raw material costs.  There have been, and will likely continue to be, periods of time when we are unable to pass raw material and energy cost increases on to our customers quickly enough to avoid adverse impacts on our results of operations.  Our results of operations have been in the past, and could be in the future, significantly affected by increases and volatility in these costs.  Cost increases also may increase working capital needs, which could reduce our liquidity and cash flow.  In addition, when raw material and energy costs increase rapidly and are passed along to customers as product price increases, the credit risks associated with certain customers can be compounded.  To the extent we increase our product sales prices to reflect rising raw material and energy costs, demand for products may decrease as customers reduce their consumption and use substitute products, which may have an adverse impact on our results of operations.
Costs - Risk 2
We have undertaken cost-savings initiatives to improve our operating performance, but we may not be able to implement and/or administer these initiatives in the manner contemplated and these initiatives may not produce the desired results.
We have undertaken cost-savings initiatives and may undertake additional cost-savings initiatives in the future. These initiatives involve, among other things, staff reductions. Although we expect these initiatives to help us achieve incremental cost savings and operational efficiencies, we may not be able to implement and/or administer these initiatives, including staff reductions, in the manner contemplated, which could cause the initiatives to fail to achieve the desired results. Additionally, the implementation of these initiatives may result in impairment charges, some of which could be material. Even if we do implement and administer these initiatives in the manner contemplated, they may not produce the desired results. Accordingly, the initiatives that we have implemented and those that we may implement in the future may not improve our operating performance and may not help us achieve cost savings. Failure to successfully implement and/or administer these initiatives could have an adverse effect on our financial performance.
Ability to Sell
Total Risks: 4/22 (18%)Above Sector Average
Competition2 | 9.1%
Competition - Risk 1
The markets for our products are highly competitive and subject to intense price competition, which could adversely affect our sales and earnings performance.
Our customers typically have multiple suppliers from which to choose. If we are unwilling or unable to provide products at competitive prices, and if other factors, such as product performance and value-added services, do not provide an offsetting competitive advantage, customers may reduce, discontinue, or decide not to purchase our products. If we could not secure alternate customers for lost business, our sales and earnings performance could be adversely affected.
Competition - Risk 2
Our competitors are established companies that have greater experience than us in a number of crucial areas, including manufacturing and distribution.
There is intense competition with respect to each of our products.  In order to maintain sales volume, we must consistently deliver high quality products on schedule at competitive prices.  Our competitors range from large corporations with full lines of production capabilities and products, such as Kronos, Inc., the Chemours Company and J. M. Huber, to small local firms specializing in one or two products and, more recently, we have faced competition from a large number of Chinese suppliers.  The established companies have significantly greater experience than us in manufacturing and distributing products and have considerably more resources and market share than we do.  We may have difficulty competing with these companies.
Demand1 | 4.5%
Demand - Risk 1
We are dependent on a limited number of customers and could experience significant revenue reductions if they use alternative sources.
We derive a significant portion of our revenue each quarter from a limited number of customers.  Our top 10 customers accounted for approximately 37% of our consolidated sales revenues in 2017.  As a result, a decrease in sales volume of any one of our top 10 customers could have a material impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.  For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, one customer, BASF, represented approximately 14% and 24%, respectively, of our total consolidated sales and the loss of this customer could have a material impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Sales & Marketing1 | 4.5%
Sales & Marketing - Risk 1
We strive to improve operating margins through sales growth, price increases, productivity gains, and improved purchasing techniques, but we may not achieve the desired improvements.
We work to improve operating profit margins through activities such as growing sales to achieve increased economies of scale, increasing prices, improving manufacturing processes, and adopting purchasing techniques that lower costs or provide increased cost predictability to realize cost savings. However, these activities depend on a combination of improved product design and engineering, effective manufacturing process control initiatives, cost-effective redistribution of production, and other efforts that may not be as successful as anticipated. The success of sales growth and price increases depends not only on our actions but also on the strength of customer demand and competitors' pricing responses, which are not fully predictable. Failure to successfully implement actions to improve operating margins could adversely affect our financial performance.
Legal & Regulatory
Total Risks: 3/22 (14%)Below Sector Average
Litigation & Legal Liabilities1 | 4.5%
Litigation & Legal Liabilities - Risk 1
Our business and financial results may be adversely affected by various legal and regulatory proceedings.
We are subject to legal and regulatory proceedings, lawsuits and claims in the normal course of business and could become subject to additional claims in the future, some of which could be material. The outcome of existing proceedings, lawsuits and claims may differ from our expectations because the outcomes of litigation are often difficult to reliably predict. As a result, future adverse rulings, settlements, or unfavorable developments could result in charges that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition in any particular period.
Taxation & Government Incentives1 | 4.5%
Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 1
Our multi-jurisdictional tax structure may not provide favorable tax efficiencies.
We conduct our business operations in the United States, Malaysia and The Netherlands and are subject to taxation in those jurisdictions. While we seek to minimize our worldwide effective tax rate, our corporate structure may not optimize tax efficiency opportunities. We develop our tax position based upon the anticipated nature and structure of our business and the tax laws, administrative practices and judicial decisions now in effect in the countries in which we have operations, which are subject to change or differing interpretations. In addition, our effective tax rate could be adversely affected by several other factors, including: increases in expenses that are not deductible for tax purposes, the tax effects of restructuring charges or purchase accounting for acquisitions, changes related to our ability to ultimately realize future benefits attributed to our deferred tax assets, including those related to other-than-temporary impairment, as well as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 regarding the taxation of foreign earnings, which impacted our decision to indefinitely reinvest foreign earnings. Further, we are subject to review and audit by both domestic and foreign tax authorities, which may result in adverse decisions. Increased tax expense could have a negative effect on our operating results and financial condition.
Environmental / Social1 | 4.5%
Environmental / Social - Risk 1
Climate change poses both regulatory and physical risks that could adversely impact our results of operations.
In addition to the possible direct economic impact that climate change could have on us, climate change regulation could significantly increase our costs.  Energy costs are a significant component of our overall costs, and climate change regulation may result in significant increases in the cost of energy.
Tech & Innovation
Total Risks: 2/22 (9%)Below Sector Average
Innovation / R&D1 | 4.5%
Innovation / R&D - Risk 1
Our businesses depend on a continuous stream of new products, and failure to introduce new products could affect our sales, profitability and liquidity.
One way that we remain competitive is by developing and introducing new and improved products on an ongoing basis. Customers continually evaluate our products in comparison to those offered by our competitors. A failure to introduce new products at the right time that are price competitive and that provide the features and performance required by customers could adversely affect our sales, or could require us to compensate by lowering prices. In addition, when we invest in new product development, we face risks related to production delays, cost over-runs and unanticipated technical difficulties, which could impact sales, profitability and/or liquidity.
Cyber Security1 | 4.5%
Cyber Security - Risk 1
The Company is subject to cyber security risks and may incur increasing costs in an effort to minimize those risks and to respond to cyber incidents.
The Company's business involves the storage and transmission of the Company's and its customers' and suppliers' proprietary information, and security breaches could expose it to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, litigation and potential liability. A number of companies have disclosed security breaches, some of which have involved intentional attacks. The Company may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent rapidly evolving types of cyber attacks. Attacks may be targeted at the Company, its customers, or both. If an actual or perceived breach of security occurs, customer and/or supplier perception of the effectiveness of the Company's security measures could be harmed and could result in the loss of customers, suppliers or both. Actual or anticipated attacks and risks may cause the Company to incur increasing costs, including costs to deploy additional personnel and protection technologies, train employees, and engage third party experts and consultants. A person who is able to circumvent the Company's security measures could misappropriate the Company's or its customers' and suppliers' proprietary information, cause interruption in its operations, damage its computers or those of its users, or otherwise damage its reputation and business. Any compromise of security could result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, significant legal and financial exposure, damage to the Company's reputation, and/or a loss of confidence in its security measures, which could harm its business. The Company's servers are also vulnerable to computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins, and similar disruptions, including "denial-of-service" type attacks. The Company may need to expend significant resources to protect against security breaches or to address problems caused by breaches. Security breaches, including any breach by the Company or by persons with whom it has commercial relationships that result in the unauthorized release of its users' personal information, could damage its reputation and expose it to a risk of loss or litigation and possible liability.
See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.

FAQ

What are “Risk Factors”?
Risk factors are any situations or occurrences that could make investing in a company risky.
    The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that publicly traded companies disclose their most significant risk factors. This is so that potential investors can consider any risks before they make an investment.
      They also offer companies protection, as a company can use risk factors as liability protection. This could happen if a company underperforms and investors take legal action as a result.
        It is worth noting that smaller companies, that is those with a public float of under $75 million on the last business day, do not have to include risk factors in their 10-K and 10-Q forms, although some may choose to do so.
          How do companies disclose their risk factors?
          Publicly traded companies initially disclose their risk factors to the SEC through their S-1 filings as part of the IPO process.
            Additionally, companies must provide a complete list of risk factors in their Annual Reports (Form 10-K) or (Form 20-F) for “foreign private issuers”.
              Quarterly Reports also include a section on risk factors (Form 10-Q) where companies are only required to update any changes since the previous report.
                According to the SEC, risk factors should be reported concisely, logically and in “plain English” so investors can understand them.
                  How can I use TipRanks risk factors in my stock research?
                  Use the Risk Factors tab to get data about the risk factors of any company in which you are considering investing.
                    You can easily see the most significant risks a company is facing. Additionally, you can find out which risk factors a company has added, removed or adjusted since its previous disclosure. You can also see how a company’s risk factors compare to others in its sector.
                      Without reading company reports or participating in conference calls, you would most likely not have access to this sort of information, which is usually not included in press releases or other public announcements.
                        A simplified analysis of risk factors is unique to TipRanks.
                          What are all the risk factor categories?
                          TipRanks has identified 6 major categories of risk factors and a number of subcategories for each. You can see how these categories are broken down in the list below.
                          1. Financial & Corporate
                          • Accounting & Financial Operations - risks related to accounting loss, value of intangible assets, financial statements, value of intangible assets, financial reporting, estimates, guidance, company profitability, dividends, fluctuating results.
                          • Share Price & Shareholder Rights – risks related to things that impact share prices and the rights of shareholders, including analyst ratings, major shareholder activity, trade volatility, liquidity of shares, anti-takeover provisions, international listing, dual listing.
                          • Debt & Financing – risks related to debt, funding, financing and interest rates, financial investments.
                          • Corporate Activity and Growth – risks related to restructuring, M&As, joint ventures, execution of corporate strategy, strategic alliances.
                          2. Legal & Regulatory
                          • Litigation and Legal Liabilities – risks related to litigation/ lawsuits against the company.
                          • Regulation – risks related to compliance, GDPR, and new legislation.
                          • Environmental / Social – risks related to environmental regulation and to data privacy.
                          • Taxation & Government Incentives – risks related to taxation and changes in government incentives.
                          3. Production
                          • Costs – risks related to costs of production including commodity prices, future contracts, inventory.
                          • Supply Chain – risks related to the company’s suppliers.
                          • Manufacturing – risks related to the company’s manufacturing process including product quality and product recalls.
                          • Human Capital – risks related to recruitment, training and retention of key employees, employee relationships & unions labor disputes, pension, and post retirement benefits, medical, health and welfare benefits, employee misconduct, employee litigation.
                          4. Technology & Innovation
                          • Innovation / R&D – risks related to innovation and new product development.
                          • Technology – risks related to the company’s reliance on technology.
                          • Cyber Security – risks related to securing the company’s digital assets and from cyber attacks.
                          • Trade Secrets & Patents – risks related to the company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and to infringement claims against the company as well as piracy and unlicensed copying.
                          5. Ability to Sell
                          • Demand – risks related to the demand of the company’s goods and services including seasonality, reliance on key customers.
                          • Competition – risks related to the company’s competition including substitutes.
                          • Sales & Marketing – risks related to sales, marketing, and distribution channels, pricing, and market penetration.
                          • Brand & Reputation – risks related to the company’s brand and reputation.
                          6. Macro & Political
                          • Economy & Political Environment – risks related to changes in economic and political conditions.
                          • Natural and Human Disruptions – risks related to catastrophes, floods, storms, terror, earthquakes, coronavirus pandemic/COVID-19.
                          • International Operations – risks related to the global nature of the company.
                          • Capital Markets – risks related to exchange rates and trade, cryptocurrency.
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