Oncotelic Therapeutics (OTLC) Risk Analysis

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Public companies are required to disclose risks that can affect the business and impact the stock. These disclosures are known as “Risk Factors”. Companies disclose these risks in their yearly (Form 10-K), quarterly earnings (Form 10-Q), or “foreign private issuer” reports (Form 20-F). Risk factors show the challenges a company faces. Investors can consider the worst-case scenarios before making an investment. TipRanks’ Risk Analysis categorizes risks based on proprietary classification algorithms and machine learning.

Oncotelic Therapeutics disclosed 35 risk factors in its most recent earnings report. Oncotelic Therapeutics reported the most risks in the “Finance & Corporate” category.

Risk Overview Q3, 2024

Risk Distribution

40% Finance & Corporate

17% Tech & Innovation

14% Production

11% Legal & Regulatory

9% Ability to Sell

9% Macro & Political

Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy

This chart displays the stock's most recent risk distribution according to category. TipRanks has identified 6 major categories: Finance & corporate, legal & regulatory, macro & political, production, tech & innovation, and ability to sell.

Risk Change Over Time

2022

S&P500 Average

Sector Average

Risks removed

Risks added

Risks changed

Oncotelic Therapeutics Risk Factors

New Risk (0)

Risk Changed (0)

Risk Removed (0)

No changes from previous report

The chart shows the number of risks a company has disclosed. You can compare this to the sector average or S&P 500 average.

The quarters shown in the chart are according to the calendar year (January to December). Businesses set their own financial calendar, known as a fiscal year. For example, Walmart ends their financial year at the end of January to accommodate the holiday season.

Risk Highlights Q3, 2024

Main Risk Category

Finance & Corporate

With 14 Risks

Finance & Corporate

With 14 Risks

Number of Disclosed Risks

No changes from last report

S&P 500 Average: 31

No changes from last report

S&P 500 Average: 31

Recent Changes

0Risks added

0Risks removed

0Risks changed

Since Sep 2024

0Risks added

0Risks removed

0Risks changed

Since Sep 2024

Number of Risk Changed

No changes from last report

S&P 500 Average: 3

No changes from last report

S&P 500 Average: 3

See the risk highlights of Oncotelic Therapeutics in the last period.

Risk Word Cloud

The most common phrases about risk factors from the most recent report. Larger texts indicate more widely used phrases.

Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 35

Finance & Corporate

Total Risks: 14/35 (40%)Above Sector Average

Share Price & Shareholder Rights4 | 11.4%

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1

Issuance of additional equity securities may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

We were authorized to issue up to 750,000,000 shares of our common stock. As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately 399.2 million shares of common stock issued and outstanding, including approximately 1 million shares of common stock to be issued. As of December 31, 2023, we also had approximately 62 million warrants outstanding, approximately 24 million options and approximately 162 million shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible notes. To the extent that additional shares of common stock are issued, or options and warrants are exercised, holders of our common stock will experience dilution. In addition, in the event of any future issuances of equity securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable for common stock, holders of our common stock may experience dilution. Our Board of Directors is authorized to issue preferred stock without any action on the part of our stockholders. Our Board of Directors also has the power, without stockholder approval, to set the terms of any such preferred stock that may be issued, including voting rights, conversion rights, dividend rights, preferences over our common stock with respect to dividends or if we liquidate, dissolve, or wind up our business and other terms. If we issue preferred stock in the future that has preference over our common stock with respect to the payment of dividends or upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or if we issue preferred stock with voting rights that dilute the voting power of our common stock, the market price of our common stock could decrease. Any provision permitting the conversion of any such preferred stock into our common stock could result in significant dilution to the holders of our common stock. We also consider from time-to-time various strategic alternatives that could involve issuances of additional common or preferred stock, including but not limited to acquisitions and business combinations.

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2

The price of our common stock is volatile and is likely to continue to fluctuate due to reasons beyond our control; a limited public trading market may cause volatility in the price of our common stock.

The market price of our common stock has been, and likely will continue to be, highly volatile. Factors, including our financial results or our competitors' financial results, clinical trial and research development announcements and government regulatory action affecting our potential products in both the United States and foreign countries, have had, and may continue to have, a significant effect on our results of operations and on the market price of our common stock. We cannot assure you that an investment in our common stock will not fluctuate significantly. One or more of these factors could significantly harm our business and cause a decline in the price of our common stock in the public market. Substantially all of the shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options and warrants have been registered or are likely to be registered for resale or are available for sale pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act and may be sold from time to time. As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately 248 million shares of common stock underlying currently outstanding convertible debt, warrants and options. Sales of any of these shares on the market, as well as future sales of our common stock by existing stockholders, or the perception that sales may occur at any time, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Our common stock is currently quoted on the OTCQB Market. The quotation of our common stock on the OTCQB Market does not assure that a meaningful, consistent, and liquid trading market currently exists, and in recent years such market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have particularly affected the market prices of many smaller companies like us. Our common stock is subject to this volatility. Sales of substantial amounts of common stock, or the perception that such sales might occur, could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock and our stock price may decline substantially in a short time and our stockholders could suffer losses or be unable to liquidate their holdings. The price of our common stock may be volatile and fluctuate substantially, which could result in substantial losses for purchasers of our common stock. Our stock price may be volatile. The stock market in general and the market for smaller specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology, in particular, have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies or the quality of the underlying assets. As a result of this volatility, you may not be able to sell your common stock at or above the price you paid for such shares. The market price for our common stock may be influenced by many factors, including but not limited to: - reduction in stock price could indicate impairment of the goodwill and intangible assets; - market conditions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors; - general economic, industry, and market conditions; and - the other factors described in this "Risk Factors" section.

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3

We may not be able to achieve secondary trading of our stock in certain states because our common stock is no longer nationally traded, which could subject our stockholders to significant restrictions and costs.

Our common stock is not currently eligible for trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market or on a national securities exchange. Therefore, our common stock is subject to the securities laws of the various states and jurisdictions of the United States in addition to federal securities law. While we may register our common stock or qualify for exemptions for our common stock in one of more states, if we fail to do so the investors in those states where we have not taken such steps may not be allowed to purchase our stock or those who presently hold our stock may not be able to resell their shares without substantial effort and expense. These restrictions and potential costs could be significant burdens on our stockholders.

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4

Our common stock is currently subject to the "Penny Stock" Rules of the SEC and the trading market in our securities is limited, which makes transactions in our stock cumbersome and may reduce the value of an investment in our stock.

As of December 31, 2023, we had net assets of $22.9 million and our common stock had a market price per share of less than $5.00. As a result, transactions in our common stock are subject to the SEC's "penny stock" rules. The designation of our common stock as a "penny stock" likely limits the liquidity of our common stock. Prices for penny stocks are often not available to buyers and sellers and the market may be very limited. Penny stocks are among the riskiest equity investments. Broker-dealers who sell penny stocks must provide purchasers of these stocks with a standardized risk-disclosure document prepared by the SEC. The document provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks involved in investing in the penny stock market. A broker must also provide purchasers with bid and offer quotations and information regarding broker and salesperson compensation and make a written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and obtain the purchaser's written agreement to the purchase. Many brokers choose not to participate in penny stock transactions. Because of the penny stock rules, there may be less trading activity in penny stocks. Because shares of our common stock are currently subject to these penny stock rules, your ability to trade or dispose of shares of our common stock may be adversely affected.

Accounting & Financial Operations3 | 8.6%

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 1

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results. As a result, current and potential stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which could harm our business and the trading price of our stock.

Effective internal controls over financial reporting are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports. If we cannot maintain effective controls and reliable financial reports, our business and operating results could be harmed. For example, our small size and limited staffing levels do not allow for segregation of duties that exist at larger companies. We have conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework). Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective as of December 31, 2023. While we continue to work on remedying our weaknesses and maintaining effective internal controls over financial reporting; however, there can be no assurance that a material weakness will not occur in the future, or our material weaknesses would be rectified. Any failure to implement and maintain controls over our financial reporting or difficulties encountered in the implementation of improvements in our controls could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. Any failure to maintain our internal controls over financial reporting or to address identified weaknesses in the future, if they were to occur, could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative impact on the trading price of our stock.

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 2

We have no plans to pay dividends on our common stock, and you may not receive funds without selling your common stock.

We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock, nor do we expect to pay any cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain any future earnings, if any, to finance our operations and growth and, potentially, for future stock repurchases and, therefore, we have no plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock. Any future determination to pay cash dividends on our common stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will be dependent on our earnings, financial condition, operating results, capital requirements, any contractual restrictions, and other factors that our board of directors deems relevant. Accordingly, you may have to sell some or all of your common stock in order to generate cash from your investment in the Company. You may not receive a gain on your investment when you sell our common stock and may lose the entire amount of your investment.

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 3

A material amount of our assets represents intangible assets, and our net income would be reduced if our intangible assets became impaired.

As of December 31, 2023, our gross intangible assets and goodwill from our 2019 PointR acquisition represented approximately $1.1 million and approximately $6 million, respectively; and the fair value of our investment in our JV was approximately $22.7 million, representing approximately 99% of our total assets. Goodwill is generated in our acquisitions when the cost of an acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets we acquire. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are subject to an impairment analysis at least annually based on fair value. Intangible assets relate primarily to in-process research and development (IPR&D) and patents acquired by us as part of our acquisitions of other companies and are subject to an impairment analysis whenever events or changes in circumstances exist that indicate that the carrying value of the intangible asset might not be recoverable. If market and economic conditions or business performance deteriorate, the likelihood that we would record an impairment charge would increase, which impairment charge could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. As the market capitalization of our Company was adversely impacted due to a reduction in the stock price of our Common Stock, during the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded an impairment of approximately $6.1 million on the goodwill representing the difference in net assets over the fair value of the Company, based on our market capitalization.

Debt & Financing3 | 8.6%

Debt & Financing - Risk 1

The Company will require additional capital funding, the receipt of which may impair the value of our Common Stock and EdgePoint's Common Stock.

Our future capital requirements and EdgePoint's future capital requirements depend on many factors, including our research, development, sales, and marketing activities as well as the development of EdgePoint's business. We and EdgePoint will need to raise additional capital through public or private equity or debt offerings or through arrangements with strategic partners or other sources in order to continue to develop our product candidates. There can be no assurance that additional capital will be available when needed or on terms satisfactory to us or EdgePoint, if at all. To the extent we and/or EdgePoint raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our shareholders and EdgePoint's shareholders may experience substantial dilution and the new equity securities may have greater rights, preferences, or privileges than our existing Common Stock and EdgePoint's Common Stock and the Securities contemplated to be issued as described in this Confidential Offering Memorandum.

Debt & Financing - Risk 2

We will require additional capital funding, the receipt of which may impair the value of our common stock.

Our future capital requirements depend on many factors, including our research, development, sales, and marketing activities. We will need to raise additional capital through public or private equity or debt offerings or through arrangements with strategic partners or other sources in order to continue to develop our product candidates. There can be no assurance that additional capital will be available when needed or on terms satisfactory to us, if at all. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution and the new equity securities may have greater rights, preferences, or privileges than our existing common stock.

Debt & Financing - Risk 3

If we are unable to obtain additional funding, we may be forced to cease operations.

We have experienced net losses every year since inception. In April 2019, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with Oncotelic Inc. for developing investigational drugs for the treatment of orphan oncology indications. The Company completed the Merger and Oncotelic Inc. became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The Merger was treated as a recapitalization and reverse acquisition for financial accounting purposes. Oncotelic was considered the acquirer for accounting purposes, and the Company's historical financial statements before the Merger have been replaced with the historical financial statements of Oncotelic Inc. prior to the Merger in the financial statements and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company, as of December 31, 2023, had an accumulated deficit of approximately $33.5 million, including a net loss of approximately $7.9 million in 2023. We have no source of product revenue and do not expect to receive any product revenue in the near future, except if we generate product revenues from Artemisinin in countries around the globe other than India and which at the current time is not anticipated. We may generate revenues from services rendered in the future, but we cannot expect that to be of a regular and of a recurring nature. If we remain in business, we expect to incur additional operating losses over the next several years, principally as a result of our plans to continue clinical trials for our investigational drugs. As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $0.2 million in cash and current liabilities of approximately $16.5 million, of which $1.3 million pertains to Mateon's liabilities prior to the Merger and $2.6 million of contingent liabilities, incurred upon our merger with PointR Data, Inc. in November 2019, that would be issuable in shares of common stock of the Company to the PointR shareholders upon satisfaction of certain conditions. Based on our planned operations, we expect our cash to only support our operations for a short period of time. Therefore, we will need to secure near-term funding, or we will be forced to curtail or terminate operations. Because we do not currently have a guaranteed source of capital that will sustain operations for at least the next twelve months, Management has determined that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The principal source of our capital to date has been the proceeds from the sale of equity and debt, a substantial portion of which has been provided by officers and certain insiders. If we are unable to access additional funds in the near term, whether through the sale of additional equity, debt or another means, we may not be able to continue in business. We also may not be able to continue the development of our investigational drugs. Any additional equity or debt financing, if available to us, may not be available on favorable terms and would most likely be dilutive to stockholders. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants and also be dilutive to current stockholders. If we obtain funds through collaborative or licensing arrangements, we may be required to relinquish rights to some of our technologies or product candidates on terms that are not favorable to us. Our ability to access capital when needed is not assured. In their audit report with regard to our Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, we, as well as our independent registered public accountants, have expressed an opinion that substantial doubt exists as to whether we can continue as a going concern. Because we have limited cash resources, we believe that it will be necessary for us to either raise additional capital in the near term or to enter into a license or other agreement with a larger pharmaceutical company. If we do not succeed in doing so, we may be required to suspend or cease our business, which would likely materially harm the value of our common stock.

Corporate Activity and Growth4 | 11.4%

Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 1

We may not be able to successfully set up an IPO with third parties.

As we plan to advance our product candidates through later stages of clinical trials but with lack of adequate capital resources, we will need to form alliances or enter into partnerships with other pharmaceutical companies or even other third parties and create shareholder value, including through IPOs. We cannot assure you that we would be able to do so at terms beneficial to the Company or at all. While the Company has formed a joint venture with Dragon Overseas and GMP Bio, and plans on taking that through an IPO, there can be no assurances that such IPO will be made or will be successful.

Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 2

We may not be able to partner with other pharmaceutical companies or even form any types of alliances with third parties.

Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 3

We may encounter difficulties in expanding our operations successfully if and when we evolve from a company that is primarily involved in clinical development to a company that is also involved in commercialization.

As we advance our product candidates through later stages of clinical trials, we will need to expand our development, regulatory, manufacturing, marketing and sales capabilities or contract with third parties to provide these capabilities for us. As our operations expand, we expect that we will need to manage additional relationships with such third parties, as well as additional collaborators, distributors, marketers, and suppliers. Maintaining third party relationships for these purposes will impose significant added responsibilities on members of our management and other personnel. We must be able to manage our development efforts effectively, manage our participation in the clinical trials in which our product candidates are involved effectively, and improve our managerial, development, operational and finance systems, all of which may impose a strain on our administrative and operational infrastructure. If, following any approval of our product candidates, we enter into arrangements with third parties to perform sales, marketing or distribution services, any product revenues that we receive, or the profitability of these product revenues to us, are likely to be lower than if we were to market and sell any products that we develop ourselves. In addition, we may not be successful in entering into arrangements with third parties to sell and market our products or in doing so on terms that are favorable to us. We likely will have little control over such third parties, and any of them may fail to devote the necessary resources and attention to sell and market our products effectively. If we do not establish sales and marketing capabilities successfully, either on our own or in collaboration with third parties, we will not be successful in commercializing our products. If we were to submit an NDA for our drug candidates in the United States or a marketing application in the EU, we would need to undertake commercial scale manufacturing activities at significant expense to us in order to proceed with the application for approval for commercialization. We or our external vendors may encounter technical difficulties that preclude us from successfully manufacturing the required registration and validation batches of active pharmaceutical ingredient, or API, and/or drug product and we may be unable to recover any financial losses associated with the manufacturing activities. Further, our research or product development efforts may not be successfully completed, any compounds currently under development by us may not be successfully developed into drugs, any potential products may not receive regulatory approval on a timely basis, if at all, and competitors may develop and bring to market products or technologies that render our potential products obsolete. If any of these problems occur, our business would be materially and adversely affected.

Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 4

We have formed a DAO company to operate with a DAO infrastructure within the rigor of a corporation.

In November 2022, the Company formed a DAO entity, Pet2DAO Inc., as a wholly owned subsidiary. Pet2DAO is a DAO technology company, integrating the strong governance of traditional corporations with the innovative DAO architecture. The Company will look to engage stakeholders, to build value through the DAO, while maintaining the rigor of traditional corporations, including governance, compliance, and accountability through a team of veterans in public companies with innovators in AI, blockchain and Web3. Pet2DAO will initially be looking to develop products for the animal health space. The Company will initially issue regular tokens and NFTs of Pet2DAO called PDAO to its employees, shareholders and KOLs and use the Tokens to propose and vote on various animal health related programs. In the future, the Company will evaluate and plan to register these tokens with the SEC to make such Tokens freely tradable at a future point in time. The Company cannot predict the outcome of Pet2DAO as an entity, how investors will look at this new development, especially with what is happening in the crypto currency environment, the success of the tokens, whether we will be able to register the tokens as securities or the success to make these tokens freely tradable. Any failure of a DAO could cause investors of the Company to discontinue to be invested in the Company, and which could have a negative impact on the trading price of our stock.

Tech & Innovation

Total Risks: 6/35 (17%)Below Sector Average

Innovation / R&D3 | 8.6%

Innovation / R&D - Risk 1

We have been granted orphan drug status for certain of our product candidates and may seek orphan drug status for additional indications for those product candidates or for additional product candidates. We may be unsuccessful in maintaining orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidates and may be unsuccessful in our efforts to seek orphan drug status and orphan drug exclusivity.

Regulatory authorities in some jurisdictions, including the United States and the European Union, may designate drugs for relatively small patient populations as orphan drugs. Under the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may designate a product as an orphan drug if it is a drug intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which is generally defined as a disease with a patient population of fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Our lead product candidate, OXi4503, has been awarded orphan drug status by the FDA and the European Commission for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia. Our other product candidate, CA4P, has been awarded orphan drug status by the FDA for the treatment of anaplastic, medullary, Stage IV papillary and Stage IV follicular thyroid cancers, ovarian cancer, neuroendocrine tumors and glioma. CA4P has also been awarded orphan drug status by the European Commission in the European Union for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer, ovarian cancer and neuroendocrine tumors. Generally, if a product with an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first marketing approval for the indication for which it has such designation, the product is entitled to a period of marketing exclusivity, which precludes the EMA or the FDA from approving another marketing application for the same drug for the same indication during the period of exclusivity. The applicable period is seven years in the United States and ten years in the European Union. The European exclusivity period can be reduced to six years if a drug no longer meets the criteria for orphan drug designation or if the drug is sufficiently profitable so that market exclusivity is no longer justified. Orphan drug exclusivity may be lost if the FDA or the EMA determines that the request for designation was materially defective, if the manufacturer is unable to assure sufficient quantity of the drug to meet the needs of patients with the rare disease or condition. Even if we obtain orphan drug exclusivity for a product candidate or additional product candidates, that exclusivity may not effectively protect the product candidate from competition because different drugs can be approved for the same condition. Even after an orphan drug is approved, the FDA can subsequently approve a different drug for the same condition if the FDA concludes that the later drug is clinically superior in that it is shown to be safer, more effective or makes a major contribution to patient care.

Innovation / R&D - Risk 2

Due in part to our limited financial resources, we may fail to select or capitalize on the most scientifically, clinically or commercially promising or profitable indications or therapeutic areas for our product candidates, and we may be unable to pursue and complete the clinical trials that we would like to pursue and complete.

We have limited financial and technical resources to determine the indications on which we should focus the development efforts for our product candidates. Due to our limited available financial resources, we have curtailed clinical development programs and activities that might otherwise have led to more rapid progress of our product candidates through the regulatory and development processes. We currently have insufficient financial resources to complete any additional drug development work. If we are able to raise funds and continue developing investigational drugs for cancer, we may make incorrect determinations with regard to the indications and clinical trials on which to focus the available resources that we do have. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that we will be able to retain adequate staffing levels to run our operations and/or to accomplish all the objectives that we otherwise would seek to accomplish. The decisions to allocate our research, management and financial resources toward particular indications or therapeutic areas for our product candidates may not lead to the development of viable commercial products and may divert resources from better opportunities. Similarly, our decisions to delay or terminate drug development programs may also cause us to miss valuable opportunities. In addition, from time to time, we may in-license or otherwise acquire product candidates to supplement our internal development activities. Those activities may use resources that otherwise would have been devoted to our internal programs, and with research and development programs there is no way to assure that the outcome of any trials or other activities will be positive, whether the program was internally generated or in-licensed.

Innovation / R&D - Risk 3

Our product candidates have not completed clinical trials and may never demonstrate sufficient safety and efficacy in order to do so.

Our product candidates are in the clinical stage of development. In order to achieve profitable operations, we alone or in collaboration with others, must successfully develop, manufacture, introduce and market our products. The time frame necessary to achieve market success for any individual product is long and uncertain. The products currently under development by us may require significant additional research and development and additional preclinical and clinical testing prior to application for commercial use. A number of companies in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries have suffered significant setbacks in clinical trials, even after showing promising results in early or later-stage studies or clinical trials. Although we have obtained some favorable results to date in preclinical studies and clinical trials of certain of our potential products, such results may not be indicative of results that will ultimately be obtained in or throughout such clinical trials, and clinical trials may not show any of our products to be safe or capable of producing a desired result. Additionally, we may encounter problems in our clinical trials that may cause us to delay, suspend or terminate those clinical trials. Adverse events observed to date and associated with CA4P and OXi4503 have generally been found to be manageable for drugs treating the indications for which we are developing our product candidates. However, we will be required to continue to test and evaluate the safety of our product candidates in additional clinical trials, and to demonstrate their safety to the satisfaction of appropriate regulatory agencies, as a condition to receipt of any regulatory approvals. In clinical trials to date, transient hypertension believed to be associated with CA4P and OXi4503 has been effectively managed through pre-treatment with anti-hypertensive medication. We cannot assure you, however, that we will be able to make the necessary demonstrations of safety to allow us to receive regulatory approval for our product candidates in any indication.

Trade Secrets2 | 5.7%

Trade Secrets - Risk 1

We depend on patents and proprietary technology in the course of our business, and we must protect those assets in order to preserve our business.

Although we expect to seek patent protection for any compounds we discover and/or for any specific use we discover for new or previously known compounds, any or all of them may not be subject to effective patent protection. Further, the development of regimens for the administration of pharmaceuticals, which generally involve specifications for the frequency, timing and amount of dosages, has been, and we believe, may continue to be, important to our effort, although those processes, as such, may not be patentable. In addition, the issued patents may be declared invalid, or our competitors may find ways to avoid the claims in the patents. Further, our lack of access to adequate capital may cause us to curtail payment of fees necessary to maintain patents that we otherwise would seek to maintain, and we may make incorrect decisions regarding which patents to keep and which to abandon. Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain and maintain patents, protect our trade secrets and operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of others. We are the exclusive licensee, sole assignee, or co- assignee on a number of granted United States patents, pending United States patent applications, and granted patents and/or pending applications in several other major markets, including the European Union, Canada and Japan. The patent position of pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms like us is generally highly uncertain and involves complex legal and factual questions, resulting in both an apparent inconsistency regarding the breadth of claims allowed in United States patents and general uncertainty as to their legal interpretation and enforceability. Accordingly, patent applications assigned or exclusively licensed to us may not result in patents being issued, any issued patents assigned or exclusively licensed to us may not provide us with competitive protection or may be challenged by others, and the current or future granted patents of others may have an adverse effect on our ability to do business and achieve profitability. Moreover, because some of the basic research relating to one or more of our patent applications and/or patents were performed at various universities and/or funded by grants, one or more of these universities, employees of such universities and/or grantors could assert that they have certain rights in such research and any resulting products. Further, others may independently develop similar products, may duplicate our products, or may design around our patent rights. In addition, as a result of the assertion of rights by a third-party or otherwise, we may be required to obtain licenses to patents or other proprietary rights of others in or outside of the United States. Any licenses required under any such patents or proprietary rights may not be made available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounter delays in product market introductions while our attempts to design around such patents or could find that the development, manufacture, or sale of products requiring such licenses is foreclosed. In addition, we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us or in connection with patents to which we hold licenses or in bringing suit to protect our own patents against infringement. We require employees and the institutions that perform our preclinical and clinical trials to enter into confidentiality agreements with us. Those agreements provide that all confidential information developed or made known to a party to any such agreement during the course of the relationship with us be kept confidential and not be disclosed to third-parties, except in specific circumstances. Any such agreement may not provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets or other confidential information in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of such information.

Trade Secrets - Risk 2

We depend extensively on the patents and proprietary technology we license from others, and we must maintain these licenses in order to preserve our business.

We have licensed rights to CA4P, OXi4503 and other programs from third parties. If our license agreements terminate or expire, we may lose the licensed rights to our product candidates, including CA4P and OXi4503, and we may not be able to continue to develop them or, if they are approved, we may not be able to market or commercialize them. We depend on license agreements with third-parties for certain intellectual property rights relating to our product candidates, including patent rights. Currently, we have licensed certain patent rights from Arizona State University, or ASU, and the Bristol-Myers Squibb Company for CA4P and OXi4503 and from Baylor University for other programs. In general, our license agreements require us to make payments and satisfy performance obligations in order to keep these agreements in effect and retain our rights under them. These payment obligations can include upfront fees, maintenance fees, milestones, royalties, patent prosecution expense, and other fees. These performance obligations typically include diligence obligations. If we fail to pay, be diligent or otherwise perform as required under our license agreements, we could lose the rights under the patents and other intellectual property rights covered by the agreements. While we are not currently aware of any dispute with any licensors under our material agreements with them, if disputes arise under any of our in-licenses, including our in-licenses from ASU, the Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, and Baylor University, we could lose our rights under these agreements. Any such dispute may not be resolvable on favorable terms, or at all. Whether or not any disputes of this kind are favorably resolved, our management's time and attention and our other resources could be consumed by the need to attend to and seek to resolve these disputes and our business could be harmed by the emergence of such a dispute. If we lose our rights under these agreements, we may not be able to conduct any further activities with the product candidate or program that the license covered. If this were to happen, we might not be able to develop our product candidates further, or following regulatory approval, if any, we might be prohibited from marketing or commercializing them. In particular, patents previously licensed to us, such as the patents we previously licensed from Angiogene, might after termination be used to stop us from conducting activities in the patents' respective fields.

Technology1 | 2.9%

Technology - Risk 1

Our business and operations could suffer in the event of system failures.

Despite the implementation of security measures, our internal computer systems and those of our third-party CROs and other contractors and consultants are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. Furthermore, we have little or no control over the security measures and computer systems of our third-party CROs and other contractors and consultants. While we have not experienced any material system failure, accident, or security breach to date, if such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, it could result in a material disruption of our programs. For example, the loss of clinical trial data for our product candidates could result in delays in our marketing approval efforts and significantly increase our costs to recover or reproduce the data. To the extent that any disruption or security breach results in a loss of or damage to our data or applications or other data or applications relating to our technology or product candidates, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liabilities and the further development of our product candidates could be delayed.

Production

Total Risks: 5/35 (14%)Above Sector Average

Employment / Personnel3 | 8.6%

Employment / Personnel - Risk 1

Our employees, principal investigators, CROs and consultants may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including non-compliance with regulatory standards and requirements and insider trading.

We are exposed to the risk that our employees, principal investigators, CROs and consultants may engage in fraudulent conduct or other illegal activity. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless and/or negligent conduct or disclosure of unauthorized activities to us that violate the regulations of the FDA and other regulatory authorities, including those laws requiring the reporting of true, complete, and accurate information to such authorities; healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations in the United States and abroad; or laws that require the reporting of financial information or data accurately. In particular, sales, marketing and business arrangements in the healthcare industry are subject to extensive laws and regulations intended to prevent fraud, misconduct, kickbacks, self-dealing and other abusive practices. Activities subject to these laws also involve the improper use of information obtained in the course of clinical trials or creating fraudulent data in our preclinical studies or clinical trials, which could result in regulatory sanctions and cause serious harm to our reputation. We have a code of conduct applicable to all of our employees, but it is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct by employees and other third parties, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to comply with these laws or regulations. Additionally, we are subject to the risk that a person could allege such fraud or other misconduct, even if none occurred. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could have a significant impact on our business, including the imposition of civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, monetary fines, possible exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, and curtailment of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations.

Employment / Personnel - Risk 2

We depend on our executive officers and principal consultants and the loss of their services could materially harm our business.

We believe that our success depends, and will likely continue to depend, upon our ability to retain the services of our current executive officers, particularly our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Business Officer, Chief Medical Officer, Chief Regulatory Officer and Chief Financial Officer, our principal consultants, and others. This increases the risk that we may not be able to retain their services. The loss of the services of any of these individuals could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition to these key service providers, we have established relationships with universities, hospitals and research institutions, which have historically provided, and continue to provide, us with access to research laboratories, clinical trials, facilities and patients. Additionally, we believe that we may, at any time and from time to time, materially depend on the services of consultants and other unaffiliated third parties. We cannot assure you that consultants and other unaffiliated third parties will provide the level of service to us that we require in order to achieve our business objectives.

Employment / Personnel - Risk 3

We only have a limited number of employees to manage and operate our business.

We had twenty-two full-time employees and consultants as of December 31, 2023; however, all the employees were compensated through the Company through January 2022. Subsequently, the employees were compensated by the JV. We rely on external consultants or outsource nearly all our research, development, preclinical testing, and clinical trial activity, although we maintain managerial and quality control over our clinical trials. We expect to continue to rely on external service providers and to maintain a small number of executives and other employees. Our limited financial resources require us to manage and operate our business in a highly efficient manner. We cannot assure you that we will be able to retain adequate staffing levels to run our operations and/or to accomplish all the objectives that we otherwise would seek to accomplish.

Supply Chain2 | 5.7%

Supply Chain - Risk 1

We have no manufacturing capacity and have relied on, and expect to continue to rely on, third-party manufacturers to produce our product candidates.

We do not own or operate manufacturing facilities for the production of clinical or commercial quantities of our product candidates or any of the compounds that we are testing in our preclinical programs, and we lack the resources and the capabilities to do so. As a result, we currently rely, and we expect to rely for the foreseeable future, on third-party manufacturers to supply our product candidates. Reliance on third-party manufacturers entails risks to which we would not be subject if we manufactured our product candidates or products ourselves, including: - reliance on third-parties for manufacturing process development, regulatory compliance and quality assurance; - limitations on supply availability resulting from capacity and scheduling constraints of third-parties; - the possible breach of manufacturing agreements by third-parties because of factors beyond our control; and - the possible termination or non-renewal of the manufacturing agreements by the third-party, at a time that is costly or inconvenient to us. If we do not maintain our developed important manufacturing relationships, we may fail to find replacement manufacturers or develop our own manufacturing capabilities, which could delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our products and substantially increase our costs or deplete profit margins, if any. If we do find replacement manufacturers, we may not be able to enter into agreements with them on terms and conditions favorable to us, and there could be a substantial delay before new facilities could be qualified and registered with the FDA, EMA and other foreign regulatory authorities. The FDA, EMA and other foreign regulatory authorities require manufacturers to register manufacturing facilities. The FDA and corresponding foreign regulators also inspect these facilities to confirm compliance with current good manufacturing practices, or cGMPs. Contract manufacturers may face manufacturing or quality control problems causing drug substance production and shipment delays or a situation where the contractor may not be able to maintain compliance with the applicable cGMP requirements. Any failure to comply with cGMP requirements or other FDA, EMA and comparable foreign regulatory requirements could adversely affect our clinical research activities and our ability to develop our product candidates and market our products after approval. Our current and anticipated future dependence upon others for the manufacture of our product candidates may adversely affect our ability to develop our product candidates, our ability to commercialize any products that receive regulatory approval and our potential future profit margins on these products.

Supply Chain - Risk 2

If we or the third parties on which we rely for the conduct of our clinical trials and results do not perform our clinical trial activities in accordance with good clinical practices and related regulatory requirements, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize our product candidates.

We currently use independent clinical investigators in all our clinical trials and, in many cases, also utilize contract research organizations, or CROs, and other third-party service providers to conduct and/or oversee the clinical trials of our product candidates and expect to continue to do so for the foreseeable future. We rely heavily on these parties for successful execution of our clinical trials. Nonetheless, we are responsible for confirming that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance with the FDA's requirements and our general investigational plan and protocol. Currently, we have clinical trial activities involving CA4P and OXi4503 being conducted by clinical investigators who are independent of us, but with whom we have agreements for them to provide the results of their clinical trials to us. In order for us to rely on data from these ongoing clinical trials in support of a New Drug Application, or NDA, for approval of any of our product candidates by the FDA or similar types of marketing applications that are required by other regulatory authorities, the independent investigators are required to comply with applicable good clinical practice requirements. The FDA and corresponding foreign regulatory authorities require us and our clinical investigators to comply with regulations and standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices, or GCPs, for conducting and recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the trial participants are adequately protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control does not relieve us of these responsibilities and requirements. Third parties may not complete activities on schedule or may not conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or the respective trial plans and protocols. The failure of these third parties to carry out their obligations could delay or prevent the development, approval and commercialization of our product candidates or result in enforcement action against us. We have taken and continue to take steps to strengthen our procedures and practices, but we cannot assure you that the FDA will be satisfied with our procedures or that the FDA will not issue warning letters or take other enforcement action against us in the future. The steps we take to strengthen our procedures and conduct future clinical trials necessary for approval will be time-consuming and expensive.

Legal & Regulatory

Total Risks: 4/35 (11%)Below Sector Average

Regulation3 | 8.6%

Regulation - Risk 1

Our product candidates will remain subject to ongoing regulatory review even if they receive marketing approval, and if we fail to comply with continuing regulations, we could lose these approvals and the sale of any approved commercial products could be suspended.

Even if we receive regulatory approval to market a particular product candidate, the manufacturing, labeling, packaging, adverse event reporting, storage, advertising, promotion, and record keeping related to the product will remain subject to extensive regulatory requirements. If we fail to comply with the regulatory requirements of the FDA, EMA and other applicable domestic and foreign regulatory authorities or previously unknown problems with any approved product, manufacturer, or manufacturing process are discovered, we could be subject to administrative or judicially imposed sanctions, including: - restrictions on the products, manufacturers, or manufacturing processes; - warning letters; - civil or criminal penalties; - fines; - injunctions;- product seizures or detentions; - pressure to initiate voluntary product recalls; - suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approvals; and - refusal to approve pending applications for marketing approval of new products or supplements to approved applications.

Regulation - Risk 2

If we are unable to obtain required regulatory approvals, we will be unable to market and sell our product candidates.

Our product candidates are subject to extensive governmental regulations relating to development, clinical trials, manufacturing, oversight of clinical investigators, recordkeeping, and commercialization. Rigorous preclinical testing and clinical trials and an extensive regulatory review and approval process are required to be successfully completed in the United States, in the European Union and in many other foreign jurisdictions before a new drug can be sold. Satisfaction of these and other regulatory requirements is costly, time consuming, uncertain, and subject to unanticipated delays. The time required to obtain approval by the FDA or the European Medicines Agency, or EMA, is unpredictable and often takes many years following the commencement of clinical trials. In connection with the clinical development of our product candidates, we face risks that: - our product candidates may not prove to be safe and efficacious; - patients may die or suffer serious adverse effects for reasons that may or may not be related to the product candidate being tested; - we fail to maintain adequate records of observations and data from our clinical trials, to establish and maintain sufficient procedures to oversee, collect data from, and manage clinical trials, or to monitor clinical trial sites and investigators to the satisfaction of the FDA, EMA, or other regulatory agencies;- we may not have sufficient financial resources to complete the clinical trials that would be necessary to obtain regulatory approvals; - the results of later-phase clinical trials may not confirm the results of earlier clinical trials; and - the results from clinical trials may not meet the level of statistical significance or clinical benefit-to-risk ratio required by the FDA, EMA, or other regulatory agencies for marketing approval. Only a small percentage of product candidates for which clinical trials are initiated are the subject of NDAs and even fewer receive approval for commercialization. Furthermore, even if we do receive regulatory approval to market a product candidate, any such approval may be subject to limitations such as those on the indicated uses for which we may market the product.

Regulation - Risk 3

If clinical trials or regulatory approval processes for our product candidates are prolonged, delayed or suspended, we may be unable to out-license or commercialize our product candidates on a timely basis, which would require us to incur additional costs and delay or prevent our receipt of any proceeds from potential license agreements or product sales.

We cannot predict whether we will encounter problems with any of our completed, ongoing or planned clinical trials that will cause us or any regulatory authority to delay or suspend those clinical trials or delay or invalidate the analysis of data derived from them. A number of events, including any of the following, could delay the completion of our other ongoing and planned clinical trials and negatively impact our ability to obtain regulatory approval for, and to market and sell, a particular product candidate: - conditions imposed on us by the FDA, EMA or another foreign regulatory authority regarding the scope or design of our clinical trials; - delays in obtaining, or our inability to obtain, required approvals from institutional review boards or other reviewing entities at clinical sites selected for participation in our clinical trials; - insufficient supply of our product candidates or other materials necessary to conduct and complete our clinical trials; - slow enrollment and retention rate of subjects in clinical trials; - any compliance audits and pre-approval inspections by the FDA, EMA or other regulatory authorities; - negative or inconclusive results from clinical trials, or results that are inconsistent with earlier results; - serious and unexpected drug-related side effects; and - failure of our third-party contractors to comply with regulatory requirements or otherwise meet their contractual obligations to us. Commercialization or licensure of our product candidates may be delayed or prevented by the imposition of additional conditions on our clinical trials by the FDA, EMA or another foreign regulatory authority or the requirement of additional supportive clinical trials by the FDA, EMA, or another foreign regulatory authority. In addition, clinical trials require sufficient patient enrollment, which is a function of many factors, including the size of the patient population, the nature of the trial protocol, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the availability of effective treatments for the relevant disease, the conduct of other clinical trials that compete for the same patients as our clinical trials, and the eligibility criteria for our clinical trials. Our failure to enroll patients in our clinical trials could delay the completion of the clinical trial beyond our expectations, or it could prevent us from being able to complete the clinical trial. In addition, the FDA and EMA could require us to conduct clinical trials with a larger number of subjects than we have projected for any of our product candidates. We may not be able to enroll a sufficient number of patients in a timely or cost-effective manner. Furthermore, enrolled patients may drop out of our clinical trials, which could impair the validity or statistical significance of the clinical trials. We do not know whether our clinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured, or will be completed on schedule, if at all. Delays in our clinical trials will result in increased development costs for our product candidates, and our financial resources may be insufficient to fund any incremental costs. In addition, if our clinical trials are delayed, our competitors may be able to bring products to market before we do, and the commercial viability of our product candidates could be limited.

Litigation & Legal Liabilities1 | 2.9%

Litigation & Legal Liabilities - Risk 1

The use of our products may result in product liability exposure, and it is uncertain whether our insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover all claims.

The use of our product candidates in clinical trials may expose us to liability claims in the event such product candidates cause death, injury or disease, or result in adverse effects. We may be exposed to liability claims even if our product did not cause death, injury or diseases, but is merely presumed or alleged to have caused any of these. If our product candidates are ever commercially approved, the commercial use of these products may also expose us to similar liability claims. Any of these claims could be made by health care institutions, contract laboratories, patients or others using such products. Although we have obtained liability insurance coverage for our ongoing clinical trials, this coverage may not be in amounts sufficient to protect us from any product liability claims or product recalls which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and prospects. Further, adverse product and similar liability claims could negatively impact our ability to obtain or maintain regulatory approvals for our technology and product candidates under development.

Ability to Sell

Total Risks: 3/35 (9%)Below Sector Average

Competition1 | 2.9%

Competition - Risk 1

Our industry is highly competitive, and our product candidates may become obsolete.

We are engaged in a rapidly evolving field. Competition from other pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions is intense and likely to increase. Many of those companies and institutions have substantially greater financial, technical, and human resources than we do. Many of those companies and institutions also have substantially greater experience in developing products, conducting clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approval and in manufacturing and marketing pharmaceutical products. Our competitors may succeed in obtaining regulatory approval for their products more rapidly than we do. Competitors have developed or are in the process of developing technologies that are, or in the future may be, the basis for competitive products. Some of these competitive products may have an entirely different approach or means of accomplishing the desired therapeutic effect than products being developed by us. Our competitors may succeed in developing products that are more effective and/or cost competitive than those we are developing, or that would render our product candidates less competitive or even obsolete. In addition, one or more of our competitors may achieve product commercialization or patent protection earlier than we do, which could materially adversely affect us.

Demand1 | 2.9%

Demand - Risk 1

If physicians and patients do not accept our future products or if the market for indications for which any product candidate is approved is smaller than expected, we may be unable to generate significant revenue, if any.

Even if any of our product candidates obtain regulatory approval, they may not gain market acceptance among physicians, patients, and third-party payers. Physicians may decide not to prescribe our drugs for a variety of reasons including: - timing of market introduction of competitive products; - demonstration of clinical safety and efficacy compared to other products; - cost-effectiveness; - limited or no coverage by third-party payers; - convenience and ease of administration; - prevalence and severity of adverse side effects; - restrictions in the label of the drug; - other potential advantages of alternative treatment methods; and - ineffective marketing and distribution support of our products. If any of our product candidates is approved, but fails to achieve market acceptance, we may not be able to generate significant revenue and our business would suffer.

Sales & Marketing1 | 2.9%

Sales & Marketing - Risk 1

The uncertainty associated with pharmaceutical reimbursement and related matters may adversely affect our business.

Market acceptance and sales of any one or more of our product candidates that we develop will depend on reimbursement policies and may be affected by future healthcare reform measures in the United States and in foreign jurisdictions. Government authorities and third-party payers, such as private health insurers and health maintenance organizations, decide which drugs they will cover and establish payment levels. We cannot be certain that reimbursement will be available for any product candidates that we develop. Also, we cannot be certain that reimbursement policies will not reduce the demand for, or the price paid for, our products. If reimbursement is not available or is available on a limited basis, we may not be able to successfully commercialize any product candidates that we develop. In the United States, the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003, also called the Medicare Modernization Act, or MMA, changed the way Medicare covers and pays for pharmaceutical products. The legislation established Medicare Part D, which expanded Medicare coverage for outpatient prescription drug purchases by the elderly but provided authority for limiting the number of drugs that will be covered in any therapeutic class. The MMA also introduced a new reimbursement methodology based on average sales prices for physician-administered drugs. The United States and several foreign jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change the healthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payers in the United States and elsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives. We expect to experience pricing pressures in connection with the sale of any products that we develop due to the trend toward managed healthcare, the increasing influence of health maintenance organizations and additional legislative proposals. In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act, or collectively, ACA, became law in the U.S. The goal of ACA is to reduce the cost of health care and substantially change the way health care is financed by both government and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursement policies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, the ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which could negatively affect market acceptance of, and the price we may charge for, any products we develop that receive regulatory approval. More recently, a past U.S. presidential administration had made statements suggesting plans to seek repeal of all or portions of the ACA. There could be uncertainty regarding the impact that a future Presidential administration may have on matters governed by the ACA, if any, and any regulatory or legislative changes will likely take time to unfold. These changes could have an impact on coverage and reimbursement for healthcare items and services covered by plans that were authorized by the ACA. However, we cannot predict the ultimate content, timing or effect of any healthcare reform legislation or the impact of potential legislation on us. Any reduction in reimbursement from Medicare or other government programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of cost containment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability, or commercialize our products.

Macro & Political

Total Risks: 3/35 (9%)Above Sector Average

Natural and Human Disruptions3 | 8.6%

Natural and Human Disruptions - Risk 1

We, or the third parties upon whom we depend, may be adversely affected by earthquakes or other natural disasters and our business continuity and disaster recovery plans may not adequately protect us from a serious disaster.

Earthquakes or other natural disasters could severely disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and prospects. If a natural disaster, power outage or other event occurred that prevented us from using all or a significant portion of our headquarters, that damaged critical infrastructure, such as the manufacturing facilities of our third-party contract manufacturers, or that otherwise disrupted operations, it may be difficult or, in certain cases, impossible for us to continue our business for a substantial period of time. The disaster recovery and business continuity plan we have in place may prove inadequate in the event of a serious disaster or similar event. We may incur substantial expenses as a result of the limited nature of our disaster recovery and business continuity plans, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Natural and Human Disruptions - Risk 2

Our business may suffer from the severity or longevity of the COVID-19 Global Outbreak.

While the COVID-19 pandemic has become less effective, the after effects of the pandemic continue impacting countries, communities, supply chains and markets, as well as the global financial markets. To date, COVID-19 has not had a material impact on the Company, other than as set forth above. However, the Company cannot predict whether COVID-19, or any other global pandemic, will have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations due to understaffing, disruptions in government spending, among other factors.

Natural and Human Disruptions - Risk 3

Unfavorable global epidemic or pandemic conditions could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our operations and the financial results of our operations could be adversely affected by general conditions in the global economy and in the global financial markets. Global financial concerns have caused, and may continue to cause, extreme volatility and disruptions in the capital and credit markets. A severe or prolonged economic downturn could result in a variety of risks to our business, including our ability to raise additional capital when needed on acceptable terms, if at all. We cannot currently anticipate all the ways in which the current economic climate and financial market conditions could adversely impact our business.

See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.

FAQ

What are “Risk Factors”?

Risk factors are any situations or occurrences that could make investing in a company risky.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that publicly traded companies disclose their most significant risk factors. This is so that potential investors can consider any risks before they make an investment.

They also offer companies protection, as a company can use risk factors as liability protection. This could happen if a company underperforms and investors take legal action as a result.

It is worth noting that smaller companies, that is those with a public float of under $75 million on the last business day, do not have to include risk factors in their 10-K and 10-Q forms, although some may choose to do so.

How do companies disclose their risk factors?

Publicly traded companies initially disclose their risk factors to the SEC through their S-1 filings as part of the IPO process.

Additionally, companies must provide a complete list of risk factors in their Annual Reports (Form 10-K) or (Form 20-F) for “foreign private issuers”.

Quarterly Reports also include a section on risk factors (Form 10-Q) where companies are only required to update any changes since the previous report.

According to the SEC, risk factors should be reported concisely, logically and in “plain English” so investors can understand them.

How can I use TipRanks risk factors in my stock research?

Use the Risk Factors tab to get data about the risk factors of any company in which you are considering investing.

You can easily see the most significant risks a company is facing. Additionally, you can find out which risk factors a company has added, removed or adjusted since its previous disclosure. You can also see how a company’s risk factors compare to others in its sector.

Without reading company reports or participating in conference calls, you would most likely not have access to this sort of information, which is usually not included in press releases or other public announcements.

A simplified analysis of risk factors is unique to TipRanks.

What are all the risk factor categories?

TipRanks has identified 6 major categories of risk factors and a number of subcategories for each. You can see how these categories are broken down in the list below.

1. Financial & Corporate

Accounting & Financial Operations - risks related to accounting loss, value of intangible assets, financial statements, value of intangible assets, financial reporting, estimates, guidance, company profitability, dividends, fluctuating results.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights – risks related to things that impact share prices and the rights of shareholders, including analyst ratings, major shareholder activity, trade volatility, liquidity of shares, anti-takeover provisions, international listing, dual listing.
Debt & Financing – risks related to debt, funding, financing and interest rates, financial investments.
Corporate Activity and Growth – risks related to restructuring, M&As, joint ventures, execution of corporate strategy, strategic alliances.

2. Legal & Regulatory

Litigation and Legal Liabilities – risks related to litigation/ lawsuits against the company.
Regulation – risks related to compliance, GDPR, and new legislation.
Environmental / Social – risks related to environmental regulation and to data privacy.
Taxation & Government Incentives – risks related to taxation and changes in government incentives.

3. Production

Costs – risks related to costs of production including commodity prices, future contracts, inventory.
Supply Chain – risks related to the company’s suppliers.
Manufacturing – risks related to the company’s manufacturing process including product quality and product recalls.
Human Capital – risks related to recruitment, training and retention of key employees, employee relationships & unions labor disputes, pension, and post retirement benefits, medical, health and welfare benefits, employee misconduct, employee litigation.

4. Technology & Innovation

Innovation / R&D – risks related to innovation and new product development.
Technology – risks related to the company’s reliance on technology.
Cyber Security – risks related to securing the company’s digital assets and from cyber attacks.
Trade Secrets & Patents – risks related to the company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and to infringement claims against the company as well as piracy and unlicensed copying.

5. Ability to Sell

Demand – risks related to the demand of the company’s goods and services including seasonality, reliance on key customers.
Competition – risks related to the company’s competition including substitutes.
Sales & Marketing – risks related to sales, marketing, and distribution channels, pricing, and market penetration.
Brand & Reputation – risks related to the company’s brand and reputation.

6. Macro & Political

Economy & Political Environment – risks related to changes in economic and political conditions.
Natural and Human Disruptions – risks related to catastrophes, floods, storms, terror, earthquakes, coronavirus pandemic/COVID-19.
International Operations – risks related to the global nature of the company.
Capital Markets – risks related to exchange rates and trade, cryptocurrency.