Public companies are required to disclose risks that can affect the business and impact the stock. These disclosures are known as “Risk Factors”. Companies disclose these risks in their yearly (Form 10-K), quarterly earnings (Form 10-Q), or “foreign private issuer” reports (Form 20-F). Risk factors show the challenges a company faces. Investors can consider the worst-case scenarios before making an investment. TipRanks’ Risk Analysis categorizes risks based on proprietary classification algorithms and machine learning.

O-I Glass disclosed 28 risk factors in its most recent earnings report. O-I Glass reported the most risks in the “Production” category.

Risk Overview Q3, 2024

Risk Distribution

29% Production

18% Finance & Corporate

18% Legal & Regulatory

14% Ability to Sell

11% Tech & Innovation

11% Macro & Political

Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy

This chart displays the stock's most recent risk distribution according to category. TipRanks has identified 6 major categories: Finance & corporate, legal & regulatory, macro & political, production, tech & innovation, and ability to sell.

Risk Change Over Time

2020

S&P500 Average

Sector Average

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O-I Glass Risk Factors

New Risk (0)

Risk Changed (0)

Risk Removed (0)

No changes from previous report

The chart shows the number of risks a company has disclosed. You can compare this to the sector average or S&P 500 average.

The quarters shown in the chart are according to the calendar year (January to December). Businesses set their own financial calendar, known as a fiscal year. For example, Walmart ends their financial year at the end of January to accommodate the holiday season.

Risk Highlights Q3, 2024

Main Risk Category

Production

With 8 Risks

Production

With 8 Risks

Number of Disclosed Risks

No changes from last report

S&P 500 Average: 31

No changes from last report

S&P 500 Average: 31

Recent Changes

0Risks added

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Since Sep 2024

0Risks added

0Risks removed

0Risks changed

Since Sep 2024

Number of Risk Changed

No changes from last report

S&P 500 Average: 3

No changes from last report

S&P 500 Average: 3

See the risk highlights of O-I Glass in the last period.

Risk Word Cloud

The most common phrases about risk factors from the most recent report. Larger texts indicate more widely used phrases.

Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 28

Production

Total Risks: 8/28 (29%)Above Sector Average

Manufacturing1 | 3.6%

Manufacturing - Risk 1

Operational Disruptions-Profitability could be affected by unanticipated operational disruptions.

The Company's glass container manufacturing process is asset intensive and includes the use of large furnaces and machines. The Company periodically experiences unanticipated disruptions of its assets, and these events can have an adverse effect on its business operations and profitability. The impacts of these operational disruptions include, but are not limited to, higher maintenance, production changeover and shipping costs, higher capital spending, as well as lower absorption of fixed costs during periods of extended downtime. The Company maintains insurance policies in amounts and with coverage and deductibles that are reasonable and in line with industry standards; however, this insurance coverage may not be adequate to protect the Company from all liabilities and expenses that may arise.

Employment / Personnel2 | 7.1%

Employment / Personnel - Risk 1

Pension Funding-An increase in the underfunded status of the Company's pension plans could adversely impact the Company's operations, financial condition and liquidity.

The Company contributed $32 million, $26 million and $84 million to its defined benefit pension plans in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The amount the Company is required to contribute to these plans is determined by the laws and regulations governing each plan and is generally related to the funded status of the plans. A deterioration in the value of the plans' investments or a decrease in the discount rate used to calculate plan liabilities generally would increase the underfunded status of the plans. An increase in the underfunded status of the plans could result in an increase in the Company's obligation to make contributions to the plans, thereby reducing the cash available for working capital and other corporate uses, and may have an adverse impact on the Company's operations, financial condition and liquidity.?

Employment / Personnel - Risk 2

Labor-Some of the Company's employees are unionized or represented by workers' councils, and its business could be affected by labor shortages and labor cost increases.

The Company is party to a number of collective bargaining agreements with labor unions, which at December 31, 2023 covered approximately 72% of the Company's employees directly associated with its operations in the U.S. and Canada. The principal collective bargaining agreement, which at December 31, 2023 covered approximately 71% of the Company's union-affiliated employees in the U.S. and Canada, will expire on March 31, 2025. Approximately 83% of employees in South America and Mexico are covered by collective bargaining agreements. The collective bargaining agreements in South America and Mexico have varying terms and expiration dates. Upon the expiration of any collective bargaining agreement, if the Company is unable to negotiate acceptable contracts with labor unions, it could result in strikes by the affected workers and increased operating costs as a result of higher wages or benefits paid to union members. In Europe, a large number of the Company's employees are employed in countries in which employment laws provide greater bargaining or other rights to employees than the laws of the U.S. Such employment rights require the Company to work collaboratively with the legal representatives of the employees to effect any changes to labor arrangements. For example, most of the Company's employees in Europe are represented by workers' councils that must approve any changes in conditions of employment, including salaries, benefits and staff changes, and may impede efforts to restructure the Company's workforce. In addition, an increase in labor costs, strikes or other work stoppages, disruptions at the Company's facilities or other labor disruptions could adversely affect its operations and increase expenses. A number of factors may adversely affect the labor force available to the Company, including unemployment subsidies, the need for enhanced health and safety protocols and government regulations in the jurisdictions in which it operates. Increased competition for qualified labor could result in higher compensation costs for the Company, and a continuation of labor shortages, a lack of qualified labor or increased turnover could result in a significant disruption of its operations and/or higher ongoing labor costs. Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated operations.

Supply Chain2 | 7.1%

Supply Chain - Risk 1

Joint Ventures-Failure by joint venture partners to observe their obligations could have a material adverse effect on operations.

A portion of the Company's operations is conducted through joint ventures, including joint ventures in the Americas and Europe segments and one joint venture in the Asia Pacific region that is included in Retained corporate costs and other. If the Company's joint venture partners do not observe their obligations or are unable to commit additional capital to the joint ventures, it is possible that the affected joint venture would not be able to operate in accordance with its business plans, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and results of operations.

Supply Chain - Risk 2

Supply Chain Disruptions-The Company's capital expenditure plans have been, and may continue to be, affected by supply chain disruptions.

The Company relies on third parties to provide equipment and materials needed for its capital expenditure projects. The global supply chain for the Company's capital expenditure projects has been, and may continue to be impacted by disruptions, such as political events, international trade disputes or other geopolitical tensions, acts of terrorism, hostilities or wars (such as the continued conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and Hamas and Israel), natural disasters, public health issues, such as a pandemic, industrial accidents, inflation, and other business interruptions. Global supply chain disruptions may continue to adversely impact the Company's ability to procure materials and equipment in a timely and cost-effective manner, which may negatively impact the Company's operating costs and timelines for capital expenditure projects. The Company's capital expenditure plans have evolved amid ongoing supply chain challenges, and additional supply chain disruptions could cause the Company to reduce or delay capital expenditures planned for replacements, improvements and expansions, which may include additional delays in the development of the Company's MAGMA program.

Costs3 | 10.7%

Costs - Risk 1

Energy Costs or Availability-Higher energy costs worldwide and interrupted power supplies, including as a result of the current conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and Hamas and Israel and any escalation of these conflicts, may have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated assets or operations.

Electrical power, natural gas, and fuel oil are vital to the Company's operations as it relies on a continuous energy supply to conduct its business. Depending on the location and mix of energy sources, energy accounts for 10% to 20% of total manufacturing costs. Substantial increases and volatility in energy costs, including those resulting from extreme weather events that affect the Company's facilities directly or its energy suppliers or the current conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and Hamas and Israel and any escalation of these conflicts could cause the Company to experience a significant increase in operating costs, which may have a material adverse effect on its assets or results of operations. For example, the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine has caused a significant increase in the price of natural gas and increased price volatility. Natural gas forms the primary energy source for the Company's European operations, and a significant amount of natural gas in Europe is ultimately sourced from Russia. The Company's European operations typically purchase natural gas under long-term supply arrangements with terms that range from one to five years and through these agreements, typically agree on price with the relevant supplier in advance of the period in which the natural gas will be delivered, which shields the Company from the full impact of increased natural gas prices, while such agreements remain in effect. However, the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the resulting sanctions, potential sanctions, government-mandated curtailments or government-imposed allocations, or other adverse repercussions on energy supplies could cause the Company's energy suppliers to be unable or unwilling to deliver natural gas at agreed prices and quantities. If this occurs, the Company may need to procure natural gas at then-current market prices, subject to market availability, which could cause the Company to experience a significant increase in operating costs or result in the temporary or permanent cessation of delivery of natural gas to several of the Company's manufacturing plants in Europe. Alternatively, for certain plants that have energy switching capabilities, the Company may decide to switch to a different energy source, which could also result in a significant increase in operating costs. In addition, depending on the duration and ultimate outcome of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, future long-term supply arrangements for natural gas may not be available at reasonable prices or at all. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated assets or results of operations.

Costs - Risk 2

Transportation-Profitability could be affected by the availability and cost of transportation for the Company's products.

The Company relies primarily on third parties for transportation of its products to customers. Strikes, slowdowns, transportation disruptions, natural disasters, impacts of potential future changes in climate change regulations or other conditions in the transportation industry, including, but not limited to, shortages of truck drivers, disruptions in rail service or sea freight, decreases in the availability of vessels or increases in fuel prices, could increase the Company's costs and disrupt its operations and ability to serve its customers on a timely or cost-effective basis.

Costs - Risk 3

Raw Materials-Profitability could be affected by the availability and cost of raw materials.

The raw materials that the Company uses have historically been available in adequate supply from multiple sources. For certain raw materials, however, there may be temporary shortages due to weather or other factors, including disruptions in supply caused by transportation or production delays. These shortages, as well as material volatility in the cost of any of the principal raw materials that the Company uses, may have a material adverse effect on operations. Separately, to the extent any policymakers adopt regulations mandating wider usage of cullet in glass manufacturing, there may be increased demand for available supplies, which may require the Company to incur additional costs. In addition, the Company purchases its soda ash raw materials in U.S. dollars in South America and Mexico. Given fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, this may cause these regions to experience inflationary or deflationary impacts to their raw material costs.

Finance & Corporate

Total Risks: 5/28 (18%)Below Sector Average

Accounting & Financial Operations1 | 3.6%

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 1

Goodwill-A significant write-down of goodwill would have a material adverse effect on the Company's reported results of operations and net worth.

Goodwill at December 31, 2023 totaled $1.47 billion, representing approximately 15% of total assets. The Company evaluates goodwill annually (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise) for impairment using the required business valuation methods. These methods include the use of a weighted average cost of capital to calculate the present value of the expected future cash flows of the Company's reporting units. Future changes in the cost of capital, expected cash flows, or other factors may cause the Company's goodwill to be impaired, resulting in a non-cash charge against results of operations to write-down goodwill for the amount of the impairment. If a significant write down is required, the charge would have a material adverse effect on the Company's reported results of operations and net worth. For example, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $445 million in the fourth quarter of 2023, which was equal to the remaining goodwill balance on North America's reporting unit. If the Company's projected future cash flows were lower, or if the assumed weighted average cost of capital were higher, the testing performed in the fourth quarter of 2023 may have indicated an impairment of the goodwill related to the Company's two other reporting units. Any impairment charges that the Company may take in the future could be material to its consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

Debt & Financing3 | 10.7%

Debt & Financing - Risk 1

Debt Restrictions-The Company may not be able to finance future needs or adapt its business plans to changes because of restrictions placed on it by the secured credit agreement and the indentures and instruments governing other indebtedness.

The secured credit agreement, the indentures governing the senior notes, and certain of the agreements governing other indebtedness contain affirmative and negative covenants that limit the ability of the Company to take certain actions. For example, certain of the indentures restrict, among other things, the ability of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries to borrow money, pay dividends on, or redeem or repurchase its stock, make certain investments, create liens, enter into certain transactions with affiliates and sell certain assets or merge with or into other companies. These restrictions could adversely affect the Company's ability to operate its businesses and may limit its ability to take advantage of potential business opportunities as they arise. Failure to comply with these or other covenants and restrictions contained in the secured credit agreement, the indentures or agreements governing other indebtedness could result in a default under those agreements, and the debt under those agreements, together with accrued interest, could then be declared immediately due and payable. If a default occurs under the secured credit agreement, the Company could no longer request borrowings under the secured credit agreement, and the lenders could cause all of the outstanding debt obligations under such secured credit agreement to become due and payable, which would result in a default under the indentures governing the Company's other outstanding debt securities and could lead to an acceleration of obligations related to these debt securities. A default under the secured credit agreement, indentures or agreements governing other indebtedness could also lead to an acceleration of debt under other debt instruments that contain cross-acceleration or cross-default provisions.

Debt & Financing - Risk 2

Ability to Service Debt-To service its indebtedness, the Company will require a significant amount of cash. The Company's ability to generate cash and refinance certain indebtedness depends on many factors beyond its control.

The Company's ability to make payments on, to refinance its indebtedness and to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, development efforts and other general corporate endeavors depends on its ability to generate cash in the future. The Company makes no assurance that it will generate sufficient cash flow from operations, or that future borrowings will be available under the secured credit agreement, in an amount sufficient to enable the Company to pay its indebtedness, or to fund other liquidity needs. If short-term interest rates increase, the Company's debt service cost will increase because some of its debt is subject to short-term variable interest rates. At December 31, 2023, the Company's debt that is subject to variable interest rates represented approximately 30% of total debt. The Company may need to refinance all or a portion of its indebtedness on or before maturity. If the Company is unable to generate sufficient cash flow and is unable to refinance or extend outstanding borrowings on commercially reasonable terms or at all, it may have to reduce or delay capital expenditures planned for replacements, improvements and expansions, sell assets, restructure debt, and/or obtain additional debt or equity financing. The Company can provide no assurance that it could effect or implement any of these alternatives on satisfactory terms, if at all.

Debt & Financing - Risk 3

Substantial Leverage-The Company's indebtedness could adversely affect the Company's financial health.

The Company has a significant amount of debt. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had approximately $4.9 billion and $4.7 billion of total debt outstanding, respectively. The Company's indebtedness could: - Increase vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;- Increase vulnerability to interest rate increases for the portion of the debt under the secured credit agreement, as well as the refinancing of any senior notes in the future;- Require the Company to dedicate a substantial portion of cash flow from operations to payments on indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, share repurchases, development efforts and other general corporate endeavors;- Limit flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in the Company's business and the rigid packaging market;- Place the Company at a competitive disadvantage relative to its competitors that have less debt; and - Limit the Company's ability to borrow additional funds.

Corporate Activity and Growth1 | 3.6%

Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 1

Business Integration Risks-The Company may not be able to effectively integrate additional businesses it acquires in the future.

The Company may consider strategic transactions, including acquisitions that will complement, strengthen and enhance growth in its worldwide glass operations. The Company evaluates opportunities on a preliminary basis from time-to-time, but these transactions may not advance beyond the preliminary stages or be completed. Such acquisitions are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including: the inability to integrate effectively the operations, products, technologies and personnel of the acquired companies (some of which may be located in diverse geographic regions) and achieve expected synergies; the potential disruption of existing business and diversion of management's attention from day-to-day operations; the inability to maintain uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies; the need or obligation to divest portions of the acquired companies; the potential impairment of relationships with customers; the potential failure to identify material problems and liabilities during due diligence review of acquisition targets; the potential failure to obtain sufficient indemnification rights to fully offset possible liabilities associated with acquired businesses; and the challenges associated with operating in new geographic regions. In addition, the Company cannot make assurances that the integration and consolidation of newly acquired businesses will achieve any anticipated cost savings and operating synergies.

Legal & Regulatory

Total Risks: 5/28 (18%)Below Sector Average

Taxation & Government Incentives1 | 3.6%

Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 1

Taxes-Potential tax law and U.S. trade policy changes could adversely affect net income and cash flow.

The Company is subject to income tax in the numerous jurisdictions in which it operates. Increases in income tax rates or other tax law changes, as well as ongoing audits by domestic and international authorities, could reduce the Company's net income and cash flow from affected jurisdictions. Changes to U.S. tax laws, along with the potential for additional global tax legislation changes, such as restrictions on interest deductibility, deductibility of cross-jurisdictional payments, and limitations on the utilization of tax attributes could have a material adverse impact on net income and cash flow by impacting significant deductions or income inclusions. In addition, the Company's products are subject to import and excise duties and/or sales or value-added taxes in many jurisdictions in which it operates. Increases in these indirect taxes could affect the affordability of the Company's products and, therefore, reduce demand. In addition, existing free trade laws and regulations provide certain beneficial duties and tariffs for qualifying imports and exports, subject to compliance with the applicable classification and other requirements. Changes in laws or policies governing the terms of foreign trade, and in particular increased trade restrictions, tariffs or taxes on imports from countries where the Company manufactures products, such as Mexico, could have a material adverse effect on its business and financial results. Also, a government's adoption of "buy national" policies or retaliation by another government against such policies may affect the prices of and demand for the Company's products and could have a negative impact on the Company's results of operations. Many international legislative and regulatory bodies have proposed legislation and begun investigations of the tax practices of multinational companies, and, in the European Union, the tax policies of certain EU member states. One of these efforts has been led by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD"), an international association of more than 35 countries including the United States. Focus areas include a Minimum Tax Directive including a global minimum tax of 15%, and base erosion and profit shifting, including situations where payments are made between affiliates from a jurisdiction with high tax rates to a jurisdiction with lower tax rates. On December 15, 2022, EU member states unanimously adopted the OECD Minimum Tax Directive. The directive required member states to incorporate similar provisions into their respective domestic laws, with the rules to initially become effective for fiscal years starting on or after December 31, 2023. Other countries outside the EU have taken similar actions. The application of the Directive in national legislation by OECD member states could have a material adverse impact on the net income and cash flow of the Company. Member states of the OECD are continuing discussions related to fundamental changes to the taxing rights of governments and allocation of profits among tax jurisdictions in which companies do business. Since 2013, the European Commission (EC) has been investigating tax rulings granted by tax authorities in a number of EU member states with respect to specific multinational corporations to determine whether such rulings comply with EU rules on state aid, as well as more recent investigations of the tax regimes of certain EU member states. If the EC determines that a tax ruling or tax regime violates the state aid restrictions, the tax authorities of the affected EU member state may be required to collect back taxes for the period of time covered by the ruling. Due to the large scale of the Company's U.S. and international business activities, many of these proposed changes to the taxation of the Company's activities, if enacted, could increase the Company's worldwide effective tax rate and harm results of operations. Corporate tax reform, anti-base-erosion rules and tax transparency continue to be high priorities in many jurisdictions. As a result, policies regarding corporate income and other taxes in numerous jurisdictions are under heightened scrutiny and tax reform legislation has been, and will likely continue to be, proposed or enacted in a number of jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Any substantial changes in domestic or international corporate tax policies, regulations or guidance, enforcement activities or legislative initiatives may materially adversely affect the Company.

Environmental / Social4 | 14.3%

Environmental / Social - Risk 1

ESG Scrutiny-Increased environmental, social and governance (ESG) scrutiny and changing expectations from stakeholders may impose additional costs or additional risks.

In recent years, increasing attention has been given to corporate activities related to ESG matters. A number of advocacy groups, both domestically and internationally, have campaigned for governmental and private-sector action to promote change at public companies related to ESG matters, including increasing attention on and demands for action related to climate change, as well as social and political matters. Companies that do not adapt to or comply with expectations and standards on ESG matters as they continue to evolve, or that are perceived to have not responded appropriately to the growing concern for ESG issues, regardless of whether there is a legal requirement to do so, may suffer from reputational damage and the business, financial condition or stock price of such a company could be materially and adversely affected. From time to time, the Company creates and publishes voluntary disclosures regarding ESG matters. Identification, assessment, and disclosure of such matters is complex. Certain statements in such voluntary disclosures may be based on the Company's expectations and assumptions, which may require substantial discretion and forecasts about costs and future circumstances, and may ultimately be incorrect. The Company's disclosures may also be at least partially reliant on third-party information that the Company has not, or cannot, independently verify. Expectations regarding management of ESG matters continue to evolve rapidly, in many instances due to factors that are out of the Company's control. For example, the Company notes that standards for the measuring and accounting of GHG emissions, as well as GHG emissions reductions, continue to change, which may impact the Company's disclosures or actual or perceived progress on any climate targets, including to the extent the Company's approaches are deemed in or out of alignment with best practices. Additionally, ESG regulation and enforcement are evolving rapidly, and the Company may be subject to investor or regulator engagement on its ESG disclosures, even though the Company currently makes them voluntarily. There is an increase in the issuance of public and private frameworks under which organizations are urged or compelled to disclose ESG-related information. These frameworks use different assumptions and require differing levels of information. As these reporting standards and disclosure requirements continue to develop, the Company may incur increasing costs related to ESG monitoring and reporting. Additionally, the Company may elect to not disclose against certain, or any, such frameworks or methodologies, whether due to cost or other reasons, and the selection of certain frameworks over others may harm the Company's reputation with stakeholders that prefer unselected standards or otherwise adversely impact its operations. Similarly, there is an increase in for-profit and non-profit organizations that issue evaluations, ratings, or grades on an organization's ESG performance. The assumptions and criteria used by these organization vary and change and produce differing results. Unfavorable ESG ratings could lead to increased negative investor sentiment toward the Company, its customers, or its industry, which could negatively impact the Company's share price, as well as its access to and cost of capital. To the extent ESG matters negatively impact the Company's reputation, it may also impede its ability to compete as effectively to attract or retain employees or customers, which may adversely impact the Company's operations. The Company's operations, projects and growth opportunities require it to have strong relationships with various key stakeholders, including its shareowners, employees, suppliers, customers, local communities and others. The Company may face pressures from shareowners, many of whom are increasingly focused on climate change, to prioritize sustainable practices, reduce its carbon footprint and promote ESG matters, while at the same time remaining a successfully operating public company. Simultaneously, there are efforts by some parties to reduce companies' efforts on ESG matters,and certain US states are adopting or are considering adopting laws that seek to limit the use of ESG in certain contexts. In addition, both advocates and opponents to certain ESG matters are increasingly resorting to a range of activism forms, including media campaigns and litigation, to advance their perspectives. To the extent the Company is subject to such activism, it may require it to incur costs or otherwise adversely impact its business. If the Company does not successfully manage expectations across these varied stakeholder interests, it could erode its stakeholder trust and thereby affect its brand and reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, and financial condition. While the Company has participated, and in future may continue to participate, in various voluntary programs and establish voluntary ESG initiatives, including policies and targets, to improve the ESG profile of its operations and products, such programs and initiatives may be costly, and there is no guarantee that they will be able to be completed either in the time and manner intended or at all. For example, the Company currently purchases RECs such that a portion of its energy consumption is from renewable energy. The price of RECs is determined by principles of supply and demand. To the extent other entities wish to purchase such RECs, either for regulatory mandates or voluntary initiatives, the price of such RECs may increase. RECs and other environmental attributes also require complex accounting on the part of generators, and mistakes in such accounting may result in a shortage of RECs, which may cause the Company to have to purchase substitute RECs at higher prices. Even if the Company's ESG initiatives are implemented successfully, there is no guarantee that such initiatives will have the intended results. For example, due to the rapidly evolving nature of expectations in this space, certain initiatives may no longer be considered best practice or may in certain instances be considered a form of greenwashing which may have reputational or other adverse impacts. Any failure or perceived failure to pursue or fulfill the Company's ESG-related initiatives, stakeholder expectations, or to satisfy various reporting standards could adversely impact its reputation, business activities or competitive advantage. Such ESG matters may also impact the Company's suppliers and customers, which may compound or cause new impacts on its business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Environmental / Social - Risk 2

Climate Change and Air Emissions-The Company's business, ability to meet climate-change goals, and transition to lower-carbon processes may be impacted by new, changed, or increased regulations or requirements relating to air emissions and the use of fossil fuels, or by the physical impacts of climate change.

A number of governments globally are increasingly considering a variety of mandatory legal or regulatory requirements or voluntary initiatives in relation to climate change and environmental issues. Additionally, entities across many sectors in private industry are considering and introducing climate change and environmental criteria as a factor or commercial term in decisions relating to activities, including lending, insurance, investing, and purchasing. The Company is unable to predict what climate change or environmental criteria or requirements may be adopted or supported by governments and private sector entities in the future, or the impacts of such initiatives on its financial condition, results of operations, access to and cost of capital and cash flows, which may be materially adverse. In Europe, the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme ("EUETS") is a regulatory regime that facilitates emissions reductions in the EU. The Company's manufacturing facilities that operate in EU countries that are subject to the EUETS must surrender an amount of emissions allowances equal to the volume of their CO2 emissions. The Company's manufacturing facilities currently receive a certain amount of allowances for free from national regulators, and, if the actual level of emissions for any facility exceeds its allocated allowance, additional allowances can be bought to cover deficits. Conversely, if the actual level of emissions for any facility is less than its allocation, the excess allowances can be sold. The Company annually purchases additional allowances under the EUETS. Should the regulators significantly restrict the number of emissions allowances allocated for free to the Company's plants, or significantly restrict the total number of emissions allowances available in the market, or if the price of such allowances increases significantly, these events could have a significant long-term impact on the Company's operations that are affected by such regulations and could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. It is currently proposed that allocation of allowances will be phased out after 2026. In the Americas, the U.S., Mexico, and Canada have engaged in significant legislative, regulatory, and enforcement activities relating to GHG emissions for years at the federal, state and provincial levels of government. In the U.S., the EPA regulates emissions of GHG air pollutants under the Clean Air Act, which grants the EPA authority to establish limits for certain air pollutants and to require compliance, levy penalties and bring civil judicial action against violators. The EPA's GHG regulations continue to evolve, as the structure and scope of the regulations are often the subject of litigation and federal legislative activity. New GHG regulations in any national or sub-national jurisdiction where the Company operates could have a significant long-term material impact on the Company's operations that are affected by such regulations. Several jurisdictions, including the states of California and Washington in the U.S., Mexico, the Canadian federal government, and the province of Quebec, among others, have adopted legislation aimed at reducing GHG emissions, either by explicitly price-based (e.g., carbon tax) or cap-and-trade programs. Additionally, smaller municipalities in the U.S. have engaged in legislative and regulatory activity to price carbon and other emissions. New GHG regulations or significant fluctuations in the values within a carbon-trading or carbon-tax framework in any country, state/province, or municipality where the Company operates could have a significant long-term impact on the Company's operations that are affected by such regulations and could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Other regulations may also have a material impact. For example, various policymakers, including the SEC and the States of New York, California and Illinois, have adopted or are considering adopting rules that would require companies to provide significantly expanded climate-related disclosures, which may require the Company to incur significant additional costs to comply, including the implementation of significant additional internal controls processes and procedures regarding matters that have not been subject to such controls in the past, and impose increased oversight obligations on the Company's management and Board of Directors. The expectations of various stakeholders, including customers and employees, regarding such matters likewise continues to evolve. For more information, see the risk factor titled "ESG Scrutiny-Increased environmental, social and governance (ESG) scrutiny and changing expectations from stakeholders may impose additional costs or additional risks." The Company experiences a variety of impacts due to weather-related events, including severe weather and events related to climate change, which may include extreme storms, flooding, wildfires, extreme temperatures, and chronic changes in meteorological and hydrological patterns, across its 68 manufacturing facilities in 19 different countries. The frequency and severity of severe weather conditions that impact the Company's business activities may be impacted by the effects of climate change, although it is currently impossible to predict with accuracy the scale of such impact. The Company's customers and suppliers may be subject to similar impacts. These resulting impacts could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Environmental / Social - Risk 3

Glass Recycling, Deposit Return Systems, Extended Producer Responsibility and Recycled Content Requirements-The Company's business and its ability to meet climate-change goals may be impacted by recycling and recycled-content laws and regulations.

In the U.S., Canada, Europe and elsewhere, government authorities have adopted, modified, or are considering recycling and recycled-content laws and regulations, including EPR and DRS frameworks. EPR, DRS, and other recycling and recycled-content laws and regulations may impose fees, mandate certain recycling rates, require a minimum use of recycled materials, or result in limitations on or preferences for certain types of packaging. The Company believes that governments worldwide will continue to develop and enact such legal requirements, which have the potential to influence customer and end-consumer packaging choices. As of December 31, 2023, there were a number of U.S. states, Canadian provinces and territories and European countries with some form of legal regulation that imposes fees on producers or consumers or requirements for certain levels of recycled content affecting various types of packaging, including glass containers. Countries, states, and localities in all geographies in which the Company operates have recently considered or are now considering new or modified EPR, DRS, and other recycling and recycled-content laws and regulations, including various laws and regulations to change curbside recycling, or create alternatives to traditional recycling systems. Although there is no clear trend in the direction of these various activities, the Company believes these legal and regulatory activities have the potential to materially impact the price and supply of recycled glass. The structure and enforcement of such laws and regulations may impact the sales of glass containers in a given jurisdiction. Such laws and regulations also impact the availability of post-consumer recycled glass for the Company to use in container production. As a large user of recycled glass for making new glass containers, developments regarding recycling and recycled-content laws and regulations could have a significant long-term impact on the Company's operations that are affected by such regulations and could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and the ability to meet climate-change-related targets or goals.

Environmental / Social - Risk 4

Environmental Risks-The Company is subject to various environmental legal requirements and may be subject to new legal requirements in the future. These requirements may have a material adverse effect on operations.

The Company's operations and properties are subject to extensive laws, ordinances, regulations and other legal requirements relating to environmental protection, including legal requirements governing investigation and clean up of contaminated properties as well as water discharges, air emissions, waste management and workplace health and safety. Such legal requirements frequently change and vary among jurisdictions. The Company's operations and properties must comply with these legal requirements. These requirements may have a material adverse effect on operations. The Company has incurred, and expects to incur, costs for its operations to comply with environmental legal requirements, and these costs could increase in the future. Many environmental legal requirements provide for substantial fines, orders (including orders to cease operations), and criminal sanctions for violations. These legal requirements may apply to conditions at properties that the Company presently or formerly owned or operated, as well as at other properties for which the Company may be responsible, including those at which wastes attributable to the Company were disposed, and certain such laws may impose liability on the Company without regard to fault or the legality of actions (including the characterization of materials) at the time of occurrence. A significant order or judgment against the Company, the loss of a significant permit or license or the imposition of a significant fine may have a material adverse effect on operations or to the Company's reputation as it focuses on its sustainability initiatives and targets.

Ability to Sell

Total Risks: 4/28 (14%)Below Sector Average

Competition1 | 3.6%

Competition - Risk 1

Competition-The Company faces intense competition from other glass container producers, as well as from makers of alternative forms of packaging. Competitive pressures could adversely affect the Company's financial health.

The Company is subject to significant competition from other glass container producers, as well as from makers of alternative forms of packaging, such as aluminum cans and plastic containers. The Company also competes with manufacturers of non-rigid packaging alternatives, including flexible pouches and aseptic cartons, in serving the packaging needs of certain end-use markets, including juice customers. The Company competes with each rigid packaging competitor on the basis of price, quality, service and the marketing and functional attributes of the container. Advantages or disadvantages in any of these competitive factors may be sufficient to cause the customer to consider changing suppliers and/or using an alternative form of packaging. The adverse effects of consumer purchasing decisions may be more significant in periods of economic downturn and may lead to longer-term reductions in consumer spending on glass packaged products. Pressures from competitors and producers of alternative forms of packaging have resulted in excess capacity in certain countries in the past and have led to capacity adjustments and significant pricing pressures in the rigid packaging market. These pressures could have a material adverse effect on the Company's operations.

Demand3 | 10.7%

Demand - Risk 1

Customer Consolidation-The continuing consolidation of the Company's customer base may intensify pricing pressures and have a material adverse effect on operations.

Many of the Company's largest customers have acquired companies with similar or complementary product lines. This consolidation has increased the concentration of the Company's business with its largest customers. In many cases, such consolidation has been accompanied by pressure from customers for lower prices, reflecting the increase in the total volume of products purchased or the elimination of a price differential between the acquiring customer and the company acquired. Increased pricing pressures from the Company's customers may have a material adverse effect on operations.

Demand - Risk 2

Lower Demand Levels-Changes in consumer preferences or customer inventory management practices could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial results.

Changes in consumer preferences for the food and beverages they consume or changes in customer inventory management practices have reduced and may continue to reduce demand for the Company's products. Because many of the Company's products are used to package consumer goods, the Company's sales and profitability have been, and could continue to be, negatively impacted by changes in consumer preferences for those products, as well as changes in customer inventory management practices. Examples of such changes include, but are not limited to, lower sales of major domestic beer brands, shifts from beer to wine or spirits that results in the use of fewer glass containers and customer destocking to adjust inventory management practices. In periods of lower demand or when customers are destocking, the Company's sales and production levels have decreased. For example, during 2023, the Company experienced elevated inventory destocking across the value chain, especially related to wine, spirits and beer customers, and softer consumer consumption activity, which negatively impacted the Company's glass container shipments. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Demand - Risk 3

Seasonality-Profitability could be affected by varied seasonal demands.

Due principally to the seasonal nature of the consumption of beer and other beverages, for which demand is stronger during the summer months, sales of the Company's products have varied and are expected to vary by quarter. Shipments in North America and Europe are typically greater in the second and third quarters of the year, while shipments in South America are typically greater in the third and fourth quarters of the year. Unseasonably cool weather during peak demand periods can reduce demand for certain beverages packaged in the Company's containers.

Tech & Innovation

Total Risks: 3/28 (11%)Below Sector Average

Innovation / R&D1 | 3.6%

Innovation / R&D - Risk 1

New Glass Melting Technologies-The Company's inability to develop or apply new glass melting technology may affect its ability to transition to lower-carbon processes and competitiveness. Supply chain challenges have delayed the development of new melting technologies, which may have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated operations.

The Company's success depends partially on its ability to improve its glass melting technology and introduce processes that emit less carbon. One of these new technologies, known as the MAGMA program, seeks to reduce the amount of capital required to install, rebuild and operate the Company's furnaces. It also is focused on the ability of these assets to be more easily turned on and off or adjusted based on seasonality and customer demand, utilize more recycled glass, produce lighter containers and use lower-carbon fuels. The Company is implementing its MAGMA program using a multi-generation development roadmap, which will include various deployment risks and will require the discovery of additional inventions through 2026. Current supply chain challenges have resulted in a delay in development of the Company's MAGMA program and the Company may continue to face additional supply chain challenges as it continues to develop its MAGMA program. If the Company is unable to continue to improve this glass melting technology through research and development or licensing of new technology, the Company may not be able to remain competitive with other packaging manufacturers. As a result, its business, financial condition, results of operations or ability to transition to lower carbon operations could be adversely affected.

Cyber Security1 | 3.6%

Cyber Security - Risk 1

Cybersecurity and Data Privacy-Security incidents affecting the Company or its third-party service providers could disrupt the Company's business operations, result in the loss of critical and confidential information, and have a material adverse effect on its business, reputation and results of operations.

The Company faces evolving cybersecurity risks that threaten the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of its IT Systems and information, including from diverse threat actors, such as state-sponsored organizations, opportunistic hackers and hacktivists, as well as through diverse attack vectors, such as social engineering/phishing, malware (including ransomware), malfeasance by insiders, human or technological error, and as a result of bugs, misconfigurations and vulnerabilities in software or hardware. The Company has been subject to cyberattacks and other security incidents in the past, including, but not limited to, phishing and malware incidents, and the Company expects cyberattacks to increase in number, frequency and sophistication going forward. Although prior cyberattacks have not been material, future attacks may have a material adverse effect on the Company's business operations, reputation and financial results. As the prevalence of cyberattacks continues to increase, the Company's IT systems, and those of third parties, such as service providers and software providers, are subject to increased risks and threats, and the Company may incur additional costs to maintain and upgrade its security measures and to attempt to monitor various third parties' security measures. There can be no assurance that the Company's or any critical third party's cybersecurity risk management program and processes, including its policies, controls or processes, will be fully implemented, complied with or effective to adequately anticipate, identify, detect, investigate or prevent certain cyberattacks or security incidents, including due to the increasing use by attackers of tools and techniques – such as artificial intelligence - that are designed to circumvent controls, avoid detection, obfuscate or remove forensic evidence and that evade counter-measures. A significant attack or incident could result in transactional errors, business disruptions, loss of or damage to intellectual property, loss of customers and business opportunities, unauthorized access to or disclosure of confidential or personal information (which could cause a breach of applicable data protection legislation), litigation (including class action) or regulatory investigations and fines, penalties or intervention, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensatory costs, and additional compliance costs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented additional operational and cybersecurity risks due to continued work-from-home arrangements at the Company and third-party providers, which presents additional opportunities for threat actors to engage in social engineering (for example, phishing) and to exploit vulnerabilities in non-corporate networks. Any resulting costs or losses may not be covered by, or may exceed the coverage limits of, the Company's cyber insurance. The Company is increasingly reliant on third parties, including in the supply chain, to provide software, support and management and a host of related and other products and services across an array of business and operational functions, such as human resources, sales, electronic communications, data storage, finance, risk management and compliance, among many others. The security and privacy measures these third parties implement may not be sufficient to anticipate, identify, detect or prevent cyberattacks or security incidents that could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. While the Company's agreements with third-party service providers typically contain provisions that seek to mitigate or otherwise limit the Company's exposure to liability for damages from a cyberattack, there can be no assurance of compliance with such provisions or that such provisions will withstand legal challenges or cover all or any such damages. In addition, a growing number of new global privacy, cybersecurity and data protection rules are being enacted and existing ones are being updated and strengthened. These laws impose obligations on companies regarding the handling of personal data and provide certain individual privacy rights to persons whose data is stored, transferred or processed. Any failure to comply with these laws and regulatory standards could subject the Company to legal and reputational risk. For example, in May 2018, the European Union (EU) implemented the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that stipulates data protection and privacy regulations for all individuals within the EU and the European Economic Area (EEA). The Company has significant operations in the EEA and is subject to the GDPR. The GDPR imposes several stringent requirements for controllers and processors of personal data and could make it more difficult and/or more costly for the Company to use and share personal data, including placing obstacles on the transfer of personal data from Europe to the United States. In addition, the California Consumer Privacy Act (the "CCPA"), which became effective on January 1, 2020, is similar in many respects to the GDPR but also includes a private right of action and potential statutory damages exposure for certain types of data breaches. In addition, in 2023, the California Privacy Rights Act (the "CPRA") expanded upon the CCPA, creating additional compliance obligations around user choice, data subject rights, and transparency, among others. Other states in the U.S. have also been proposing and enacting laws similar to the CCPA/CPRA. Although the Company takes reasonable efforts to comply with all applicable laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that the Company will not be subject to regulatory action, including fines and litigation (including class actions), in the event of a statutory violation or security incident. To comply with the rules imposed by the GDPR, CCPA, CPRA and other applicable data protection legislation, the Company may be required to put in place additional mechanisms which could adversely affect its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Technology1 | 3.6%

Technology - Risk 1

Information Technology-Failure or disruption of the Company's information technology, or those of third parties, could have a material adverse effect on its business and results of operations.

The Company employs information technology ("IT") systems and networks to support the business and relies on them to operate its plants, to communicate with its employees, customers and suppliers, to store sensitive business information and intellectual property, and to report financial and operating results. As with any IT system, the Company's IT system and any third-party system on which the Company relies are vulnerable to failure and a variety of interruptions due to events, including, but not limited to, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, war, power outages, fire, sabotage, equipment failures, known and unknown cybersecurity vulnerabilities, and cyber-related attacks or computer crimes (e.g., ransomware and distributed denial-of-service attacks). In addition, the Company's business continuity or disaster recovery plans may not effectively and timely resolve issues resulting from a cyberattack or other disruption. As a result of any of the foregoing types of events, the Company may suffer material adverse effects on its reputation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Macro & Political

Total Risks: 3/28 (11%)Below Sector Average

Economy & Political Environment1 | 3.6%

Economy & Political Environment - Risk 1

Global Economic Environment-The global credit, financial and economic environment could have a material adverse effect on operations and financial condition.

The global credit, financial and economic environment can be negatively impacted by numerous events or occurrences, including political events, trade disputes, acts of terrorism, hostilities or wars, natural disasters and public health issues, such as a pandemic. For example, the current conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and Hamas and Israel, as well as any further escalation or expansion of these conflicts, and any related economic sanctions or other impacts could adversely impact the global credit, financial and economic environment, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's operations, including the following: - Downturns in the business or financial condition of any of the Company's customers or suppliers could result in a loss of revenues or a disruption in the supply of raw materials;- Unfavorable macroeconomic conditions, such as a recession or continued slowed economic growth, could negatively affect consumer demand for the Company's products;- Cost inflation could negatively impact the Company's costs for energy, labor, materials and services, and impact the Company's profitability if increased costs are not fully passed on to customers through increased prices of the Company's products;- Tightening of credit in financial markets or increasing interest rates could reduce the Company's ability, as well as the ability of the Company's customers and suppliers, to obtain future financing;- Volatile market performance could affect the fair value of the Company's pension assets and liabilities, potentially requiring the Company to make significant additional contributions to its pension plans to maintain prescribed funding levels;- The deterioration of any of the lending parties under the Company's revolving credit facility or the creditworthiness of the counterparties to the Company's derivative transactions could result in such parties' failure to satisfy their obligations under their arrangements with the Company; and - A significant weakening of the Company's financial position or results of operations could result in noncompliance with the covenants under the Company's indebtedness.

International Operations1 | 3.6%

International Operations - Risk 1

International Operations-The Company is subject to risks associated with operating in foreign countries.

The Company operates manufacturing and other facilities throughout the world. Net sales from non-U.S. operations totaled approximately $5.3 billion, representing approximately 74% of the Company's net sales for the year ended December 31, 2023. Operations outside the U.S. that accounted for 10% or more of consolidated net sales from continuing operations in 2023 were in France, Italy and Mexico. In addition, the Company is a 50% partner in joint ventures in Italy and Mexico. As a result of its non-U.S. operations, the Company is subject to risks associated with operating in foreign countries, including: political, social and economic instability; war, civil disturbance or acts of terrorism; outbreaks of pandemic disease, such as COVID-19; taking of property by nationalization or expropriation without fair compensation; changes in governmental policies and regulations; devaluations and fluctuations in currency exchange rates; imposition of limitations on conversions of foreign currencies into dollars or remittance of dividends and other payments by foreign subsidiaries; imposition or increases of withholding and other taxes on remittances and other payments by foreign subsidiaries; hyperinflation in certain foreign countries; impositions or increase of investment and other restrictions or requirements by foreign governments; loss or non-renewal of treaties or other agreements with foreign tax authorities; changes in tax laws, or the interpretation thereof, including those affecting foreign tax credits or tax deductions relating to the Company's non-U.S. earnings or operations; and complying with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act that prohibits companies and their intermediaries from engaging in bribery or other prohibited payments to foreign officials for the purposes of obtaining or retaining business or gaining an unfair business advantage and requires companies to maintain accurate books and records and effective internal controls. The risks associated with operating in foreign countries may have a material adverse effect on operations.

Capital Markets1 | 3.6%

Capital Markets - Risk 1

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates-The Company is subject to the effects of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, which could adversely impact the Company's financial results.

The Company's reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. A significant portion of the Company's net sales, costs, assets and liabilities is denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the Euro, Brazilian real, Colombian peso and Mexican peso. In its Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company remeasures transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the reporting entity (e.g., soda ash purchases) and translates local currency financial results into U.S. dollars based on the exchange rates prevailing during the reporting period. During times of a strengthening U.S. dollar, the reported revenues and earnings of the Company's international operations will be reduced because the local currencies will translate into fewer U.S. dollars. This could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.

FAQ

What are “Risk Factors”?

Risk factors are any situations or occurrences that could make investing in a company risky.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that publicly traded companies disclose their most significant risk factors. This is so that potential investors can consider any risks before they make an investment.

They also offer companies protection, as a company can use risk factors as liability protection. This could happen if a company underperforms and investors take legal action as a result.

It is worth noting that smaller companies, that is those with a public float of under $75 million on the last business day, do not have to include risk factors in their 10-K and 10-Q forms, although some may choose to do so.

How do companies disclose their risk factors?

Publicly traded companies initially disclose their risk factors to the SEC through their S-1 filings as part of the IPO process.

Additionally, companies must provide a complete list of risk factors in their Annual Reports (Form 10-K) or (Form 20-F) for “foreign private issuers”.

Quarterly Reports also include a section on risk factors (Form 10-Q) where companies are only required to update any changes since the previous report.

According to the SEC, risk factors should be reported concisely, logically and in “plain English” so investors can understand them.

How can I use TipRanks risk factors in my stock research?

Use the Risk Factors tab to get data about the risk factors of any company in which you are considering investing.

You can easily see the most significant risks a company is facing. Additionally, you can find out which risk factors a company has added, removed or adjusted since its previous disclosure. You can also see how a company’s risk factors compare to others in its sector.

Without reading company reports or participating in conference calls, you would most likely not have access to this sort of information, which is usually not included in press releases or other public announcements.

A simplified analysis of risk factors is unique to TipRanks.

What are all the risk factor categories?

TipRanks has identified 6 major categories of risk factors and a number of subcategories for each. You can see how these categories are broken down in the list below.

1. Financial & Corporate

Accounting & Financial Operations - risks related to accounting loss, value of intangible assets, financial statements, value of intangible assets, financial reporting, estimates, guidance, company profitability, dividends, fluctuating results.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights – risks related to things that impact share prices and the rights of shareholders, including analyst ratings, major shareholder activity, trade volatility, liquidity of shares, anti-takeover provisions, international listing, dual listing.
Debt & Financing – risks related to debt, funding, financing and interest rates, financial investments.
Corporate Activity and Growth – risks related to restructuring, M&As, joint ventures, execution of corporate strategy, strategic alliances.

2. Legal & Regulatory

Litigation and Legal Liabilities – risks related to litigation/ lawsuits against the company.
Regulation – risks related to compliance, GDPR, and new legislation.
Environmental / Social – risks related to environmental regulation and to data privacy.
Taxation & Government Incentives – risks related to taxation and changes in government incentives.

3. Production

Costs – risks related to costs of production including commodity prices, future contracts, inventory.
Supply Chain – risks related to the company’s suppliers.
Manufacturing – risks related to the company’s manufacturing process including product quality and product recalls.
Human Capital – risks related to recruitment, training and retention of key employees, employee relationships & unions labor disputes, pension, and post retirement benefits, medical, health and welfare benefits, employee misconduct, employee litigation.

4. Technology & Innovation

Innovation / R&D – risks related to innovation and new product development.
Technology – risks related to the company’s reliance on technology.
Cyber Security – risks related to securing the company’s digital assets and from cyber attacks.
Trade Secrets & Patents – risks related to the company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and to infringement claims against the company as well as piracy and unlicensed copying.

5. Ability to Sell

Demand – risks related to the demand of the company’s goods and services including seasonality, reliance on key customers.
Competition – risks related to the company’s competition including substitutes.
Sales & Marketing – risks related to sales, marketing, and distribution channels, pricing, and market penetration.
Brand & Reputation – risks related to the company’s brand and reputation.

6. Macro & Political

Economy & Political Environment – risks related to changes in economic and political conditions.
Natural and Human Disruptions – risks related to catastrophes, floods, storms, terror, earthquakes, coronavirus pandemic/COVID-19.
International Operations – risks related to the global nature of the company.
Capital Markets – risks related to exchange rates and trade, cryptocurrency.

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