BorgWarner (BWA) Risk Analysis

Any of the following could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations: the loss of or changes in supply contracts or sourcing strategies of our major customers or suppliers; start-up expenses associated with new vehicle programs or delays or cancellation of such programs; low levels of utilization of our manufacturing facilities, which can be dependent on a single product line or customer; inability to recover engineering and tooling costs; market and financial consequences of recalls that may be required on products we supplied; delays or difficulties in new product development; the possible introduction of similar or superior technologies by others; global excess capacity and vehicle platform proliferation; and the impact of fire, flood, or other natural disasters, including pandemics and quarantines.

We are involved in legal proceedings and commercial or contractual disputes that, from time to time, are significant. These claims typically arise in the normal course of business and may include, but not be limited to, commercial or contractual disputes with our customers and suppliers, intellectual property matters, personal injury, product liability, tax matters, environmental and employment claims. There is a possibility that such claims may have an adverse impact on our business that is greater than we anticipate. While we maintain insurance for certain risks, the amount of insurance may not be adequate to cover all insured claims and liabilities. The incurrence of significant liabilities for which there is no, or insufficient, insurance coverage could adversely affect our business. For more information regarding our legal matters, see Item 3. Legal Proceedings of this report.

We may not realize the anticipated tax benefits of the spin-off of PHINIA. While it is intended that the transaction was tax-free to the Company's stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes, there is no assurance that the transaction will qualify for this treatment. If the spin-off is ultimately determined to be taxable, the Company, PHINIA, or the Company's stockholders could incur income tax liabilities that could be significant. If we do not realize the anticipated tax benefits of the spin-off, it could adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Climate change is receiving increasing attention worldwide, which has led to significant legislative and regulatory efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions. Our manufacturing plants use energy, including electricity and natural gas, and certain of our plants emit amounts of greenhouse gas that may be affected by these legislative and regulatory efforts. Greenhouse gas regulation could increase the price of the electricity we purchase, increase costs for use of natural gas, potentially restrict access to or the use of natural gas, require us to purchase allowances to offset our own emissions or result in an overall increase in costs of raw materials, any one of which could increase our costs, reduce competitiveness in a global economy or otherwise negatively affect our financial condition, results of operations and reputation. Many of our suppliers face similar circumstances. Supply disruptions would raise market rates and jeopardize the continuity of production and could have an adverse effect on our financial results. Climate changes could also disrupt our operations by impacting the availability and cost of materials within our supply chain and could also increase insurance and other operating costs. In addition, extreme weather events may damage a facility or surrounding infrastructure, making the facility unusable for a time. These factors may impact our decisions to construct new facilities.

We engage in numerous financial transactions and contracts, including insurance policies, letters of credit, credit line agreements, financial derivatives, and investment management agreements involving various counterparties. We are subject to the risk that one or more of these counterparties may become insolvent and, therefore, be unable to meet its obligations under such contracts.

Our strategy is to focus on profitable growth across our technology-focused product portfolio that supports electric, hybrid and combustion vehicles by growing our eProducts as well as continuing our focus on Foundational products. Our balanced portfolio is particularly critical as the automotive industry continues to see electric vehicle adoption volatility across different regions. We may not prove successful in our strategy due to many factors, including any of the risks identified in the paragraphs that follow, failure to develop new products that our customers will purchase, technology changes that could render our products obsolete, or the introduction of new technology to which we do not have access, among other things. Our future success is dependent upon us making the right investments at the right times, with the right customers who can rapidly adapt to the market, to support product development in areas of evolving vehicle technologies. We have made, and expect to continue to make, significant investments to grow our eProducts. If the overall adoption of electric vehicles continues to be slower as compared to our expectations, we may not only fail to realize expected rates of return on our existing investments, we may also incur further losses on such investments. Further, if we invest in relationships with the wrong customers or in the wrong markets, then we may still fail to realize expected returns. We expect to continue to pursue business ventures, acquisitions, and strategic alliances that leverage our technology capabilities and enhance our customer base, geographic representation, and scale to complement our current businesses. We regularly evaluate potential growth opportunities. While we believe that such transactions are an integral part of our long-term strategy, there are risks and uncertainties related to these activities. Assessing a potential growth opportunity involves extensive due diligence. However, the amount of information we can obtain about a potential growth opportunity can be limited, and we can give no assurance that past or future business ventures, acquisitions, and strategic alliances will positively affect our financial performance or will perform as planned. Assessing a price for potential transactions is inexact. As noted, we conduct certain of our operations through joint ventures, where we may share ownership and management responsibilities with one or more partners that may not share our goals and objectives. Operating a joint venture may require additional organizational formalities as well as the sharing of information and decision making with our partners. Additional risks associated with joint ventures include one or more partners failing to satisfy contractual obligations, the ability to enforce such obligations, conflicts arising between us and any of our partners, a change in the ownership of any of our partners and less of an ability to control compliance with applicable rules and regulations, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and related rules and regulations.

Maintaining a strong position in the Chinese market is a key component of our global growth strategy. The automotive supply market in China is highly competitive, with competition from many of the largest global manufacturers and numerous smaller domestic manufacturers. As the Chinese market evolves, market participants have acted, and we anticipate will continue to act aggressively to increase or maintain their market share. Increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced margins and our inability to gain or hold market share. Domestic Chinese OEMs continue to expand their market share in and outside of China, and are increasingly insourcing certain components once sourced from Tier 1 suppliers. In addition, our business in China is sensitive to economic, political, social and market conditions that drive sales volumes in China. If we are unable to maintain our position in the Chinese market or if vehicle sales in China decrease, our business and financial results could be adversely affected. For 2025, approximately 21% of our consolidated net sales were attributable to China.

We rely on sales to OEMs around the world of varying credit quality and manufacturing demands. Supply to several of these customers requires significant investment by us. We base our growth projections, in part, on commitments made by our customers. In most instances, our OEM customers agree to purchase their requirements for specific products but are not required to purchase any minimum amount of products from us. These commitments generally renew yearly during a program life cycle. Among other things, the level of production orders we receive is dependent on the ability of our OEM customers to design and sell products that consumers desire to purchase. If actual production orders from our customers do not approximate such commitments due to a variety of factors, including non-renewal of purchase orders, a customer's financial hardship or other unforeseen reasons, it could adversely affect our business. Some of our sales are concentrated. Our worldwide sales in 2025 to Volkswagen and Ford constituted approximately 13% and 12% of our 2025 consolidated net sales, respectively. Sales to the Company's top ten customers represented 71% of sales for the year ended December 31, 2025. Changes in our business relationships with any of our major customers or in the timing, size and continuation of their various programs could have a disproportionately material adverse impact on our business. While we continually bid on new business with our existing customers and continually seek to diversify our customer base, our efforts may not be successful. The loss of any of these major customers, the loss of business with respect to one or more of their vehicle models for which we have high component content, or a significant decline in the production levels of such vehicles would negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We rely on the capacity, reliability and security of our IT systems and infrastructure to operate our business. IT systems are vulnerable to disruptions, including those resulting from natural disasters, cyber-attacks or failures in third-party provided services. Disruptions and attacks on our IT systems pose a risk to our business operations and our ability to protect our systems, networks and communications, and the confidentiality and availability of third-party and internal data, including our employees. Some cyber-attacks depend on human error or manipulation, including phishing attacks, social engineering schemes or ransomware to gain access to systems or carry out disbursement of funds or other frauds, which raise the risks from such events and the costs associated with protecting against such attacks. Although we have implemented security policies, processes, and layers of defense designed to help identify and protect against intentional and unintentional misappropriation or corruption of our systems and information and disruptions of our operations (and, to date, we are not aware that we have experienced a cybersecurity incident that has materially affected our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition), we have been, and likely will continue to be, subjected to such attacks or disruptions which could be material. Future attacks or disruptions could potentially lead to the inappropriate disclosure of confidential information, including our intellectual property or employee data, improper use of our systems and networks, access to and manipulation and destruction of our or third-party data, production downtimes, lost revenues, inappropriate disbursement of funds and both internal and external supply shortages. In addition, we may be required to incur significant costs to protect against damage caused by such attacks or disruptions in the future. These consequences could cause significant damage to our reputation, affect our relationships with our customers and suppliers, lead to claims against us and ultimately adversely affect our business. Additionally, some of our products contain complex digital technologies designed to support today's increasingly connected vehicles. Although we continue to employ capabilities, processes and other security measures designed to reduce risks of cyber-attacks against our products, such measures may not provide absolute security and may not sufficiently mitigate all potential risks under all scenarios. Failure of such products to effectively protect against attacks targeted at our products can negatively impact our brand and our business or results of operation. Further, we continually update and expand our information technology systems to enable us to run our business more efficiently, including the potential incorporation of AI solutions into our information systems and processes. The increasing use and evolution of advanced technology solutions creates potential risks for loss or misuse of Company data that forms part of any data set that was collected, used, stored or transferred to run our business. Any unintentional dissemination or intentional destruction of confidential information stored in our or our third-party providers' systems, portable media or storage devices may result in significantly increased business and security recovery costs, a damaged reputation, administrative penalties, or costs related to defending legal claims. The use of AI in the development of our products and services could also cause loss or theft of intellectual property as well as subject us to risks related to intellectual property infringement or misappropriation, data privacy and cybersecurity. In addition, if the content, analyses, or recommendations that AI programs assist in producing are or are alleged to be deficient, inaccurate, or biased, then our business, financial condition, and results of operations and our reputation may be adversely affected. We also face risks of competitive disadvantage if our competitors more effectively use AI to drive internal efficiencies or create new or enhanced products or services that we are unable to compete against on cost, quality or other attributes. Any of these risks could negatively impact our business or results of operation.