We are heavily dependent on the capacity and reliability of the communications and information technology systems supporting our operations, whether developed, owned and operated by us or by third parties. We also rely on manual workflows and a variety of manual user controls. As our clients, physical locations and investment teams and strategies increase in number and grow in complexity, and as our employees become increasingly mobile, developing and maintaining the systems supporting our operations becomes increasingly challenging. Moreover, the introduction of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, presents new challenges and introduces operational and legal risks. Any changes or upgrades to our systems to support increased volumes or complexity of transactions or to otherwise support growth of the business may require significant expenditures and may increase the probability that we will experience operational errors. Operational risks or errors or interruption or failure of our financial, trading, compliance and other data processing systems, whether caused by human error, power or telecommunications failure, cyber-attack, ransomware or viruses, severe weather events, natural disaster, fire, act of terrorism or war, pandemics or other unpredictable events, could result in a disruption of our business, liability to clients, regulatory intervention or reputational damage, and thus adversely affect our business. In addition, since implementing broad remote-work measures during the pandemic, we have an increased dependency on remote equipment and connectivity infrastructure to access critical business systems that may be subject to failure, disruption, or unavailability that could negatively impact our business operations. The potential for some types of operational risks, including trading errors, may increase in periods of increased volatility, which can magnify the cost of an error. We have back-up systems and a business continuity plan in place, however, these arrangements may not be adequate in the event of a significant interruption or failure of the systems or operations that are critical to our business, however caused. Although we have not suffered material operational errors, including material trading errors, in the past, we may experience such errors in the future, the losses related to which we would absorb. Insurance and other safeguards might not be available or might only partially reimburse us for our losses.
We rely on a number of key vendors for trading, middle- and back-office functions, various fund administration, accounting, custody and transfer agent roles and other operational needs. These key vendors may themselves rely on third party service providers to support their own operations. The failure of any key vendor, or of any service provider to a key vendor, to fulfill its obligations could cause operational issues that could lead to legal liability, regulatory issues, reputational harm and financial losses. Some of the key service providers and vendors upon which we rely operate in a remote or hybrid environment, which subjects both us and third-party service providers and key vendors to risk of operational issues and interruptions as well as to a heightened risk of cyberattacks or other privacy or data security incidents. We and our service providers are also subject to the risk that employees or contractors, or other third parties, may deliberately seek to circumvent established controls to commit fraud or act in ways that are inconsistent with our or their controls, policies, and procedures, and which may be harder to monitor in remote working environments. The financial and reputational impact of control failures can be significant. Moreover, as we grow our operations in new geographic regions, the potential for particular types of political, economic or infrastructure instabilities, information, technology or security limitations or breaches, or other country- or region-specific business continuity risks increases.