Public companies are required to disclose risks that can affect the business and impact the stock. These disclosures are known as “Risk Factors”. Companies disclose these risks in their yearly (Form 10-K), quarterly earnings (Form 10-Q), or “foreign private issuer” reports (Form 20-F). Risk factors show the challenges a company faces. Investors can consider the worst-case scenarios before making an investment. TipRanks’ Risk Analysis categorizes risks based on proprietary classification algorithms and machine learning.

Zomedica Pharmaceuticals disclosed 37 risk factors in its most recent earnings report. Zomedica Pharmaceuticals reported the most risks in the “Finance & Corporate” category.

Risk Overview Q3, 2024

Risk Distribution

41% Finance & Corporate

16% Tech & Innovation

14% Legal & Regulatory

14% Production

8% Ability to Sell

8% Macro & Political

Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy

This chart displays the stock's most recent risk distribution according to category. TipRanks has identified 6 major categories: Finance & corporate, legal & regulatory, macro & political, production, tech & innovation, and ability to sell.

Risk Change Over Time

2020

S&P500 Average

Sector Average

Risks removed

Risks added

Risks changed

Zomedica Pharmaceuticals Risk Factors

New Risk (0)

Risk Changed (0)

Risk Removed (0)

No changes from previous report

The chart shows the number of risks a company has disclosed. You can compare this to the sector average or S&P 500 average.

The quarters shown in the chart are according to the calendar year (January to December). Businesses set their own financial calendar, known as a fiscal year. For example, Walmart ends their financial year at the end of January to accommodate the holiday season.

Risk Highlights Q3, 2024

Main Risk Category

Finance & Corporate

With 15 Risks

Finance & Corporate

With 15 Risks

Number of Disclosed Risks

No changes from last report

S&P 500 Average: 31

No changes from last report

S&P 500 Average: 31

Recent Changes

0Risks added

0Risks removed

0Risks changed

Since Sep 2024

0Risks added

0Risks removed

0Risks changed

Since Sep 2024

Number of Risk Changed

No changes from last report

S&P 500 Average: 3

No changes from last report

S&P 500 Average: 3

See the risk highlights of Zomedica Pharmaceuticals in the last period.

Risk Word Cloud

The most common phrases about risk factors from the most recent report. Larger texts indicate more widely used phrases.

Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 37

Finance & Corporate

Total Risks: 15/37 (41%)Above Sector Average

Share Price & Shareholder Rights5 | 13.5%

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1

We are now considered a smaller reporting company, and as such, are not required to provide the same level of information in our filings that a larger reporting company is. This reduction in the amount and depth of information could adversely affect investor insights and decision making.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined in the Exchange Act, and we will remain a smaller reporting company until the fiscal year following: -The determination that our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is more than $250 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter; or -Our annual revenue is more than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is more than $700 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter. Smaller reporting companies are able to provide simplified executive compensation disclosure and have certain other reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, being required to provide only two years of audited financial statements and not being required to provide selected financial data, supplemental financial information or risk factors. Further, as a non-accelerated filer, we will not be required to provide an auditor attestation of management's assessment of internal control over financial reporting, which is generally required for SEC reporting companies under Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 404(b), and, in contrast to other reporting companies, we'll have more time to file our annual and periodic reports. We may choose to take advantage of the available exemptions for smaller reporting companies. We cannot predict whether investors will find our common stock less attractive if we rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our shares price may be more volatile.

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2

We have generated Canadian NOLs, but our ability to reserve and use these Canadian NOLs may be limited or impaired by future ownership changes.

Our ability to utilize the Canadian NOLs after a "loss restriction event" is subject to the rules of the Income Tax Act (Canada). A loss restriction event will occur if, among other things, there is change of control (which would generally occur if a person or group of related persons acquired more than 50% of our voting shares). If we experience a "loss restriction event": (i) we will be deemed to have a year-end for Canadian tax purposes and (ii) we will be deemed to realize any unrealized capital losses and our ability to utilize and carry forward Canadian NOLs will be restricted.

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3

We are subject to the continued listing requirements of the NYSE American. If we are unable to comply with such requirements, our common shares would be delisted from the NYSE American, which would limit investors' ability to effect transactions in our common shares and subject us to additional trading restrictions.

Our common shares are currently listed on the NYSE American. In order to maintain our listing, we must maintain certain share prices, financial and share distribution targets, including maintaining a minimum amount of shareholders' equity and a minimum number of public shareholders. In addition to these objective standards, the NYSE American may delist the securities of any issuer if, in its opinion, the issuer's financial condition and/or operating results appear unsatisfactory; if it appears that the extent of public distribution or the aggregate market value of the security has become so reduced as to make continued listing on the NYSE American inadvisable; if the issuer sells or disposes of principal operating assets or ceases to be an operating company; if an issuer fails to comply with the NYSE American's listing requirements; if an issuer's common stock sells at what the NYSE American considers a "low selling price" (generally trading below $0.20 per share for an extended period of time); or if any other event occurs or any condition exists which makes continued listing on the NYSE American, in its opinion, inadvisable. As disclosed in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 14, 2023, we received a deficiency letter (the "Letter") from the NYSE American on September 12, 2023, indicating that the Company was not in compliance with the NYSE American continued listing standards set forth in Section 1003(f)(v) of the NYSE American Company Guide (the "Company Guide") because our common shares were selling for a substantial period of time at a low price per share, which the NYSE American determined to be a 30-trading day average of less than $0.20 per share. In accordance with NYSE American procedures, we submitted a business plan to the NYSE American demonstrating how we intended to regain compliance with the minimum stock price. As part of our plan to regain compliance with the NYSE American's continued listing standards, a special meeting of shareholders of the Company was held on February 28, 2024 (the "Special Meeting"), in order to approve an amendment to the Company's charter to affect an 80-for-1 share consolidation, also known as a reverse stock split, of the Company's common stock. The share consolidation did not receive the required 66.7% vote of the shares represented at the Special Meeting. The NYSE America has indicated that the shares may remain listed at this time while they continue to monitor our share price and other developments. Additional deterioration of the share price could result in delisting. If the NYSE American delists our common shares from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list our securities on another national securities exchange, we expect our common shares would qualify to be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including: - a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;- reduced liquidity for our securities;- a determination that our common shares are a "penny stock" which will require brokers trading in our common shares to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities;- a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and - decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4

Our Articles of Amalgamation (as amended) authorize us to issue an unlimited number of common shares and preferred shares without shareholder approval and we may issue additional equity securities or engage in other transactions that could dilute your ownership interest, which may adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

Except for as required under the continued listing requirements of NYSE American, where our common shares are listed for trading, our Articles of Amalgamation (as amended) authorize our Board of Directors, subject to the provisions of the Business Corporations Act (Alberta), or ABCA to issue an unlimited number of common shares and preferred shares without shareholder approval. Our Board of Directors may determine from time to time to raise additional capital by issuing common shares, preferred shares or other equity securities. We are not restricted from issuing additional securities, including securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, common shares or preferred shares. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, or nature of any future offerings, or the prices at which such offerings may be affected. Additional equity offerings may dilute the holdings of our existing shareholders or reduce the market price of our common shares, or both. Holders of our common shares are not entitled to pre-emptive rights or other protections against dilution. New investors also may have rights, preferences and privileges that are senior to, and that adversely affect, the then current holders of our common shares. Additionally, if we raise additional capital by making offerings of debt or preference shares, upon our liquidation, holders of our debt securities and preferred shares, and lenders with respect to other borrowings, may receive distributions of our available assets before the holders of our common shares.

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5

We expect that the price of our common shares will fluctuate substantially.

The market price of our common shares has been subject to significant fluctuations, and we expect that the market price of our common shares will remain volatile. At times, the price of our common shares has changed significantly unrelated to any change in our financial condition or results of operations that would explain such a change. Numerous factors, including many over which we have no control, may have a significant impact on the market price of our common shares. Examples of these include: - any delays in, or suspension or failure of, any future studies;- delays in the commercialization of our existing or future products;- manufacturing and supply issues related to our existing or future products;- quarterly variations in our results of operations or those of our competitors;- changes in our earnings estimates or recommendations by securities analysts or adverse publicity about us or our product candidates;- announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant contracts, commercial relationships, acquisitions or capital commitments;- announcements relating to future development or license agreements including termination of such agreements;- adverse developments with respect to our intellectual property rights or those of our principal collaborators;- commencement of litigation involving us or our competitors;- any major changes in our board of directors or management;- new legislation in the United States and abroad relating to our markets or our industry;- announcements of regulatory approval or disapproval of any of our future products or of regulatory actions affecting us or our industry;- product liability claims, other litigation or public concern about the safety of our existing or future products;- market conditions in the animal health industry, or in the sectors in which we participate, in particular, including performance of our competitors;- the impact of social media posts by third parties that may draw attention to our company and increase trading in our common shares by retail investors; and - general economic conditions in the United States and abroad. In addition, the stock market, in general, or the market for stocks in our industry may experience broad market fluctuations, which may adversely affect the market price or liquidity of our common shares. Any sudden decline in the market price of our common shares could trigger securities class-action lawsuits against us. If any of our shareholders were to bring such a lawsuit against us, we could incur substantial costs defending the lawsuit and the time and attention of our management would be diverted from our business and operations. We also could be subject to damages claims if we are found to be at fault in connection with a decline in our stock price.

Accounting & Financial Operations6 | 16.2%

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 1

We have never and do not, in the future, intend to pay dividends on our common shares, and your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in the market price of our common shares.

We have never paid and do not expect to pay dividends on our common shares in the future. We intend to invest our future earnings, if any, to fund our growth and not to pay any cash dividends on our common shares. Since we do not intend to pay dividends, your ability to receive a return on your investment will depend on any future appreciation in the market price of our common shares. There is no assurance that our common shares will appreciate in price.

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 2

We have a limited operating history, are not profitable, and may never become profitable.

We are generating revenues from our products, but we expect to continue to incur significant research and development costs and administrative expenses. Our net loss and comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, was $33,638 and $17,860. Our accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2023, was $170,933. As of December 31, 2023, we had total shareholders' equity of $240,017. We expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future, as we continue our integration efforts in relation to the Assisi and Revo Squared asset acquisitions, the acquisitions of Structured Monitoring Products and Qorvo Biotechnologies, and our product development and commercialization activities. Even if we succeed in developing and broadly commercializing our products, we expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future, and we may never become profitable. If we fail to achieve or maintain profitability, then we may be unable to continue our operations at planned levels and be forced to reduce or cease operations.

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 3

Our ability to use any U.S. NOLs may be limited by our inability to generate future taxable income.

U.S. NOLs may be available to reduce income taxes that might otherwise be incurred on future U.S. taxable income. The utilization of these U.S. NOLs could have a positive effect on our cash flow. However, there can be no assurance that we will generate the taxable income in the future necessary to utilize these U.S. NOLs and realize the positive cash flow benefit.

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 4

We have generated net operating loss carryforwards for Canadian income tax purposes, but our ability to use these net operating losses may be limited by our inability to generate future taxable income in Canada.

Our Canadian businesses have generated net operating loss carryforwards of $9,581 ("Canadian NOLs") for Canadian federal and provincial income tax purposes. These Canadian NOLs can be available to reduce Canadian income taxes that might otherwise be incurred on future Canadian taxable income. However, there can be no assurance that we will generate the taxable income in the future necessary to utilize these Canadian NOLs. Our Canadian NOLs have expiration dates. There can be no assurance that, if and when we generate Canadian taxable income in the future, we will generate such taxable income before our Canadian NOLs expire.

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 5

We have generated U.S. NOLs (defined below), but our ability to use these U.S. NOLs is limited and any future U.S. NOLs we generate may be limited or impaired by future ownership changes.

Our U.S. businesses have generated consolidated net operating loss carryforwards ("U.S. NOLs") for U.S. federal and state income tax purposes of $10,993 as of December 31, 2023. Our ability to utilize any U.S. NOLs after an "ownership change" is subject to the rules of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") Section 382. An ownership change occurs if, among other things, the shareholders (or specified groups of shareholders) who own or have owned, directly or indirectly, five (5%) percent or more of the value of our shares or are otherwise treated as five (5%) percent shareholders under Section 382 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder increase their aggregate percentage ownership of the value of our shares by more than 50 percentage points over the lowest percentage of the value of the shares owned by these shareholders over a three year rolling period. An ownership change could also be triggered by other activities, including the sale of our shares that are owned by our five (5%) shareholders. In the event of an ownership change, Section 382 imposes an annual limitation on the amount of taxable income we may offset with U.S. NOLs. This annual limitation is generally equal to the product of the value of our shares in the US operating entity on the date prior to the ownership change multiplied by the long-term tax-exempt rate in effect on the date of the ownership change. The long-term tax-exempt rate is published monthly by the IRS. Any unused Section 382 annual limitation may be carried over to later years until the applicable expiration date for the respective U.S. NOLs (if any). We concluded that, due to the limitations under Section 382 of the Code, it is likely our U.S. NOL carryforwards for the periods prior to February 11, 2021, for $3,814 are limited to zero, and are not available to offset taxable income generated in the US in future periods. Our U.S. NOL carryforwards are $7,179 as of December 31, 2023. In the event another ownership change, as defined under Section 382 of the Code occurs in the future, our ability to utilize any U.S. NOLs may be substantially limited. The consequence of this limitation could be the potential loss of a significant future cash flow benefit because we would no longer be able to substantially offset future taxable income with U.S. NOLs. There can be no assurance that such ownership change will not occur in the future.

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 6

We have identified certain material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and if our remediation of such material weaknesses is not effective, or if we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable laws and regulations could be impaired.

In the course of preparing our financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, we have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness relates to the timeliness and precision of management's review controls around financial projections relevant to the evaluation of goodwill impairment relating to our Assisi reporting unit. We have begun developing a comprehensive plan to remediate and substantially address the material weakness discussed above. Remediation measures are focused on more rigorous policies and procedures and sufficiency of reviews of the projections included in the discounted cash flow model used in the Company's evaluation of goodwill for impairment. These efforts will include development of a continuous process for monitoring, assessment, and communication, as well as involvement of additional key stakeholders in reviews. We will not be able to conclude whether these efforts will fully remediate the material weakness until the updated controls have operated for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that such controls are operating effectively. We cannot assure you that any such actions we have or will take will prevent or avoid potential future material weaknesses. Our current controls and any new controls that we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business. Further, weaknesses in our disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting may be discovered in the future. Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and may result in a restatement of our financial statements for prior periods. Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until after we become an "accelerated" or "large accelerated" filer as those terms are defined in the Exchange Act. At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our internal control over financial reporting is documented, designed, or operating. Ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our common shares.

Corporate Activity and Growth4 | 10.8%

Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 1

If we are not able to manage growth successfully, this could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Continued growth may place a significant strain on financial, operational, and managerial resources. We must continue to implement and enhance our managerial, operational, and financial systems, expand our operations, and continue to recruit and train qualified personnel. There can be no assurance that our strategic and operational planning will allow us to adequately manage anticipated growth. In addition, the expense associated with increased manufacturing and sales/marketing may exceed our expectations. Any inability to successfully manage growth could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 2

Our strategic relationships are important to our business. If we are unable to maintain any of these relationships, or if these relationships are not successful, our business could be adversely affected.

We have entered into strategic relationships that are important to our business and we expect to enter into similar relationships as part of our growth strategy. These relationships may pose a number of risks, including: - other parties may have significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources that they will apply to these relationships;- other parties may not perform their obligations as expected;- disagreements with other parties, including disagreements over proprietary rights or contract interpretation, might lead to additional responsibilities or might result in litigation or arbitration, any of which would be time consuming and expensive;- other parties may not properly maintain or defend their intellectual property rights or may use proprietary information in such a way as to invite litigation that could jeopardize or invalidate the intellectual property or proprietary information or expose us to potential litigation;- other parties may infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties, which may expose us to litigation and potential liability; and - the number and type of our relationships could adversely affect our attractiveness to future partners or acquirers. Additionally, subject to its contractual obligations to us, if the other party is involved in a business combination or otherwise changes its business priorities, this party might deemphasize or terminate the relationship. If another party terminates its agreement with us, we may find it more difficult to attract new partners and our perception in the business and financial communities and our stock price could be adversely affected.

Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 3

The failure to realize the anticipated growth opportunities from our acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

We may not realize the expected growth opportunities from our acquisitions even if we are able to integrate their operations successfully. We may incur unanticipated costs related to the operation of these acquisitions and we may not achieve the growth potential expected at the time of acquisition or on our expected time schedule as a result of a number of factors, including our inability to successfully cross-market their products. Accordingly, the benefits from our proposed acquisitions may be offset by costs incurred or delays in integrating the companies, which could cause our operational and growth assumptions to be inaccurate. Our failure to realize the anticipated growth opportunities from our acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 4

The failure to integrate our acquisitions successfully into our business could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

In order to realize the expected benefits of our acquisitions, we must successfully integrate their respective operations with our existing operations. The integration of these acquisitions will be a time-consuming and expensive process and could significantly disrupt our business. The anticipated benefits of these transactions, including the realization of revenue, tax benefits, financial benefits or returns and expense and other synergies, may not be fully realized, or may take longer to realize than expected, and the integration may be more expensive, require more senior management involvement than expected, or be more disruptive to our existing operations than anticipated. The integration process may result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of ongoing business or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures, and policies. Our failure to successfully integrate their operations or to otherwise realize any of the anticipated benefits of the acquisition could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

Tech & Innovation

Total Risks: 6/37 (16%)Below Sector Average

Innovation / R&D1 | 2.7%

Innovation / R&D - Risk 1

We have devoted and expect to continue to devote a significant portion of our financial and managerial resources on the development and commercialization of our products and cannot be certain that they will be successfully commercialized.

The successful development and commercialization of our products will depend on several factors, including the following: - the successful validation, verification, and testing of new products to ensure efficient, accurate, and consistent performance;- our ability to provide a suite of products that customers believe address their needs and provide sufficient economic justification for acquiring them;- our ability to successfully market our products;- the availability, perceived advantages, relative cost, relative safety, and relative efficacy of our products compared to alternative and competing products;- the acceptance and utilization of our products by veterinarians, pet owners, and the animal health community;- our ability to convince the veterinary community of the clinical utility of our products and their potential advantages over existing tests and devices;- the willingness or ability of animal owners to pay for our products and the willingness of veterinarians to recommend our products; and - the willingness of veterinarians to utilize our diagnostic tests and devices. Many of these factors are beyond our control. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in developing or commercializing our current or any of our future products. If we are unsuccessful or are significantly delayed in developing and commercializing our products, our business and prospects will be materially adversely affected, and you may lose all or a portion of your investment.

Trade Secrets4 | 10.8%

Trade Secrets - Risk 1

Third parties may have intellectual property rights, which may require us to obtain a license or other applicable rights to make, sell or use our products. If such rights are not granted or obtained, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain, or license from third parties, patents, trademarks, trade secrets and similar proprietary rights without infringing on the proprietary rights of third parties. Although we believe our intellectual property rights are sufficient to allow us to conduct our business without incurring liability to third parties, our products may infringe on the intellectual property rights of such persons. Furthermore, no assurance can be given that we will not be subject to claims asserting the infringement of the intellectual property rights of third parties seeking damages, the payment of royalties or licensing fees and/or injunctions against the sale of our products. Any such litigation could be protracted and costly and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Trade Secrets - Risk 2

If we are unable to obtain trademark registrations for our products, our business could be adversely affected.

We have trademark registrations for our company name and composite marks comprised of our company name, logo and/or slogan in the U.S., Canada, European Union, the United Kingdom, and Mexico. We also have an allowed application for our name in the U.S. for an expanded listing of diagnostic testing equipment. We have secured registrations for our MYZOMEDICA platform in the U.S., Canada, the European Union, and the United Kingdom. In addition, we have registrations for our "Voice of the Vet" mark in the U.S., Canada, European Union and the United Kingdom. We have also secured registrations for our in-clinic biosensor testing platform, TRUFORMA, with several product names in the U.S., Canada, the European Union, and the United Kingdom. We own U.S., German, Swiss and Japanese trademark registrations for the PULSEVET product including PULSEVET, PROPULSE, VERSATRODE and VERSATRON. Our portfolio of trademarks for ASSISI, ASSISI LOOP, CALMER CANINE, ASSISI DENTALOOP, and composite marks including a logo and/or slogan in the U.S. and various countries throughout the world. Our imaging products trademark portfolio includes trademarks for REVO SQUARED, a stylized fan shaped logo, and MICROVIEW in the U.S. Trademark applications have been filed in the U.S. for TRUVIEW, TRUPREP, TRUSOUND, SONOVIEW, SUPERVIEW and MICROPREP. The assets acquired from Structured Monitoring products include a registration for the VETGUARDIAN trademark. We have also filed for the trademarks TRUGUARD and TRUGUARDIAN.

Trade Secrets - Risk 3

Some of our products may or may not be covered by a patent. Further if an application is filed, it is not certain that a patent will be granted or if granted whether it will be held to be valid. All of which may impact our market share and ability to prevent others (competitor third parties) from making, selling, or using our products.

We intend to rely upon a combination of patents, trade secret protection, confidentiality agreements, and license agreements to protect the intellectual property related to our existing and future products. We may not be successful in protecting our intellectual property rights, including our unpatented proprietary know-how and trade secrets, or in avoiding claims that we infringed on the intellectual property rights of others. In addition to relying on patent and trademark rights, we rely on unpatented proprietary know-how and trade secrets, and employ various methods, including confidentiality agreements with employees and consultants, customers and suppliers to protect our know-how and trade secrets. However, these methods and our patents and trademarks may not afford complete protection and there can be no assurance that others will not independently develop the know-how and trade secrets or develop better production methods than us. Further, we may not be able to deter current and former employees, contractors and other parties from breaching confidentiality agreements and misappropriating proprietary information and it is possible that third parties may copy or otherwise obtain and use our information and proprietary technology without authorization or otherwise infringe on our intellectual property rights. In the future, we may also rely on litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights and contractual rights, and, if not successful, we may not be able to protect the value of our intellectual property. Any litigation could be protracted and costly and could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations regardless of its outcome.

Trade Secrets - Risk 4

Our ability to obtain intellectual property protection for our products is limited.

Certain of our diagnostic and therapeutic device technologies are dependent on intellectual property developed by our strategic partners and licensed to us. We do not own the intellectual property rights that underlie these technology licenses. Our rights to use the technology we license are subject to the negotiation of, continuation of, and compliance with the terms of our licenses. Further, we do not control the prosecution, maintenance, or filing of the patents and other intellectual property licensed to us, or the enforcement of these intellectual property rights against third parties. The patents and patent applications underlying our licenses were not written by us or our attorneys, and we do not have control over the drafting and prosecution of such rights. Our partners might not have given the same attention to the drafting and prosecution of patents and patent applications as we would have if we had been the owners of the intellectual property rights and had control over such drafting and prosecution. We cannot be certain that drafting and/or prosecution of the licensed patents and patent applications has been or will be conducted in compliance with applicable laws and regulations or will result in valid and enforceable patents and other intellectual property rights.

Cyber Security1 | 2.7%

Cyber Security - Risk 1

Security breaches, loss of data and other disruptions could compromise sensitive information related to our business or prevent us from accessing critical information and expose us to liability, which could adversely affect our business and our reputation.

In the ordinary course of our business, we generate and store sensitive data, including research data, intellectual property and proprietary business information owned or controlled by ourselves or our employees, partners and other parties. We manage and maintain our applications and data utilizing a combination of on-site systems and cloud-based data centers. For example, VetGuardian cannot work without its dedicated cloud backend and, similarly, TRUVIEW™ would be greatly inhibited without the myZomedica cloud backend. We utilize external security and infrastructure vendors to manage parts of our data centers. These applications and data encompass a wide variety of business-critical information, including research and development information, commercial information and business and financial information. We face several risks relative to protecting this critical information, including loss of access risk, inappropriate use or disclosure, accidental exposure, unauthorized access, inappropriate modification, and the risk of our being unable to adequately monitor and audit and modify our controls over our critical information. This risk extends to the third-party vendors and subcontractors we use to manage this sensitive data or otherwise process it on our behalf. Further, to the extent our employees are working away from the office, additional risks may arise as a result of dependance on the networking and security put into place by the employees. The secure processing, storage, maintenance, and transmission of this critical information is vital to our operations and business strategy, and we devote significant resources to protecting such information. Although we take reasonable measures to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure, no security measures can be perfect and our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers, infections by viruses or other malware, breaches due to erroneous actions or inaction by our employees or contractors, malfeasance, or other malicious or inadvertent disruptions. Any such breach or interruption could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed by unauthorized parties, publicly disclosed, lost, or stolen. Any such access, breach, or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings. Unauthorized access, loss, or dissemination could also disrupt our operations and damage our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our business. Although we currently maintain cybersecurity insurance coverage, we cannot be certain that such coverage will be adequate for data security liabilities actually incurred, will cover any indemnification claims against us relating to any incident, will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all, or that any insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Legal & Regulatory

Total Risks: 5/37 (14%)Below Sector Average

Regulation2 | 5.4%

Regulation - Risk 1

Legislative or regulatory reforms with respect to veterinary diagnostics, medical devices and test kits may make it more difficult and costly for us to obtain regulatory clearance or approval of any of our future products and to produce, market, and distribute our products after clearance or approval is obtained.

From time to time, legislation is drafted and introduced in the U.S. Congress that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the testing, regulatory clearance or approval, manufacture, and marketing of regulated and/or licensed products. In addition, FDA-CVM and USDA-CVB regulations and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by the FDA-CVM and USDA-CVB in ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. Similar changes in laws or regulations can occur in other countries in which we operate. Any new regulations or revisions or reinterpretations of existing regulations in the United States may impose additional costs or lengthen review times of any of our existing or future product candidates. We cannot determine what effect changes in regulations, statutes, legal interpretation or policies, when and if promulgated, enacted or adopted may have on our business in the future. Such changes could, among other things, require: - changes to manufacturing methods;- recall, replacement or discontinuance of certain products; and - additional record-keeping. Each of these would likely entail substantial time and cost and could materially harm our financial results. In addition, delays in receipt of or failure to receive regulatory clearances or approvals for any future products would harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Regulation - Risk 2

Various government regulations could limit or delay our ability to develop and commercialize our products or otherwise negatively impact our business.

Our existing and future products may be subject to post-market oversight by U.S. Department of Agriculture – Center for Veterinary Biologics (USDA-CVB) and/or U.S. Food and Drug Administration – Center for Veterinary Medicine (FDA-CVM) regulations. The manufacture and sale of our products, as well as our research and development processes, are subject to similar and potentially more stringent laws in foreign countries. We are also subject to a variety of federal, state, local and international laws and regulations that govern, among other things, the importation and exportation of products; our business practices in the U.S. and abroad, such as anti-corruption and anti-competition laws; and immigration and travel restrictions. These legal and regulatory requirements differ among jurisdictions around the world and are rapidly changing and increasingly complex. The costs associated with compliance with these legal and regulatory requirements are significant and likely to increase in the future. Any failure to comply with applicable legal and regulatory requirements could result in fines, penalties and sanctions; product recalls; suspensions or discontinuations of, or limitations or restrictions on, our ability to design, manufacture, market, import, export or sell our products; and damage to our reputation.

Litigation & Legal Liabilities1 | 2.7%

Litigation & Legal Liabilities - Risk 1

The assumption of unknown liabilities (specific to the acquisition of SMP and QBT (the "Acquired Companies") could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Because we acquired all the equity interests of SMP and QBT, we own the Acquired Companies subject to all liabilities, including contingent and unknown liabilities. Pursuant to the transaction documents for the acquisition, there are limitations and conditions to our ability to recoup unanticipated losses from the former owner of the PulseVet Companies. We may also learn additional information about the PulseVet business that could adversely affect us, such as the existence of unknown liabilities, or matters that potentially affect our ability to comply with applicable laws.

Taxation & Government Incentives2 | 5.4%

Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 1

If the Internal Revenue Service determines that we are not a PFIC and you previously paid taxes pursuant to a QEF Election or a Mark-to- Market Election, you may pay more taxes than you legally owe.

If the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, makes a determination that we are not a PFIC and you previously paid taxes pursuant to a QEF Election or Mark-to-Market Election, then you may have paid more taxes than you legally owed due to such election. If you do not, or are unable to, file a refund claim before the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations, you will not be able to claim a refund for those taxes.

Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 2

We believe that we may be a "passive foreign investment company," or PFIC, for the current taxable year, which could subject certain U.S. investors to materially adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.

We believe we could be classified as a PFIC during our taxable year ended December 31, 2023, and based on current business plans and financial expectations, we believe we may continue to be classified as a PFIC for future taxable years. Once classified as a PFIC with respect to a shareholder, we will, subject to certain exceptions, continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to such shareholder irrespective of whether we continue to meet the definitional requirements for PFIC classification. If we are a PFIC [for any year in which you hold common shares] and you are a U.S. holder, then you generally will be required to treat any gain realized upon a disposition of such common shares, or any so-called "excess distribution" received on your common shares, as ordinary income, and to pay an interest charge on a portion of such gain or distribution. In certain circumstances, the sum of the tax and the interest charge may exceed the total amount of proceeds you realize on the disposition or the amount of the excess distribution you receive. Subject to certain limitations, these tax consequences may be mitigated if you make a timely and effective Qualified Electing Fund election, or QEF Election, or a mark-to-market election, or Mark-to-Market Election. Subject to certain limitations, such elections may be made with respect to our common shares. If you are a U.S. holder and make a timely and effective QEF Election, you generally must report on a current basis your share of our net capital gain and ordinary earnings for any year in which we are a PFIC, whether or not we distribute any amount to you, thus giving rise to so-called "phantom income" and to a potential tax liability. However, U.S. holders should be aware that we do not intend to satisfy the record keeping requirements that apply to a "qualified electing fund," or supply U.S. holders with information that such U.S. holders require to report under the QEF Election rules, in the event that we are a PFIC and a U.S. holder wishes to make a QEF Election. Thus, if you are a U.S. holder, you may not be able to make a QEF Election. If you are a U.S. Holder and make a timely and effective Mark-to-Market Election, you generally must include as ordinary income each year the excess of the fair market value of your common shares over your tax basis therein, thus also possibly giving rise to phantom income and a potential tax liability. Ordinary loss generally is recognized only to the extent of net mark-to-market gains previously included in income. Any holder of our common shares who is a U.S. taxpayer should consult its own tax advisors regarding the PFIC rules and the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of our common shares.

Production

Total Risks: 5/37 (14%)Above Sector Average

Employment / Personnel1 | 2.7%

Employment / Personnel - Risk 1

If we fail to attract and keep senior management and key scientific personnel, we may be unable to successfully develop any of our existing or future product candidates, conduct our in-licensing and development efforts, and commercialize any of our existing or future products.

Our success depends in part on our continued ability to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified management and scientific personnel. We are highly dependent upon our senior management, particularly Larry Heaton, our Chief Executive Officer, Peter Donato, our Chief Financial Officer, Tony Blair, our Chief Operating Officer, Karen DeHaan-Fullerton, our General Counsel, and several of our vice presidents. The loss of services of any of these individuals could delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives.

Supply Chain4 | 10.8%

Supply Chain - Risk 1

Our dependence on suppliers could limit our ability to develop and commercialize certain products.

We rely on third-party suppliers to provide components in our products, manufacture products that we do not manufacture ourselves, and perform services that we do not provide ourselves. Because these suppliers are independent third parties with their own financial objectives, actions taken by them could have a materially negative effect on our results of operations. The risks of relying on suppliers include our inability to enter into contracts with third-party suppliers on reasonable terms, inconsistent or inadequate quality control, relocation of supplier facilities, supplier work stoppages and suppliers' failure to comply with applicable regulations or their contractual obligations. Problems with suppliers could materially negatively impact our ability to complete development, supply the market, lead to higher costs or damage our reputation with our customers. In addition, we currently purchase some products and materials from sole or single sources. Some of the products that we purchase from these sources are proprietary and, therefore, cannot be readily or easily replaced by alternative sources. To mitigate risks associated with sole and single source suppliers, we will seek when possible to enter into long-term contracts that provide for an uninterrupted supply of products at predictable prices. However, some suppliers may decline to enter into long-term contracts, and we are required to purchase products with short term contracts or on a purchase order basis. There can be no assurance that suppliers with which we do not have contracts will continue to supply our requirements for products, or that suppliers with which we do have contracts will always fulfill their obligations under these contracts, not exercise termination rights under the agreement, or that any of our suppliers will not experience disruptions in their ability to supply our requirements for products. In cases where we purchase sole and single source products or components under purchase orders, we are more susceptible to unanticipated cost increases or changes in other terms of supply. In addition, under some contracts with suppliers we have minimum purchase obligations, and our failure to satisfy those obligations may result in loss of some or all of our rights under these contracts or require us to compensate the supplier. If we are unable to obtain adequate quantities of products in the future from sole and single source suppliers, we may be unable to supply the market, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Supply Chain - Risk 2

Disruption in the global supply chain could increase our costs and delay, prevent or impair our ability to manufacture our products and satisfy customer demand, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

We rely on our developmental partners and third-party suppliers and manufacturers to develop and manufacture our products. Global supply chains have been significantly disrupted by the war in the Middle East, the war between Russia and Ukraine, and other factors. For example, supply disruptions have led to a global shortage of semiconductor chips. In addition, shipping delays have increased, and transportation costs have risen significantly. As a result, component costs have increased, and the supply of materials has become less certain and more unpredictable. Any interruption or delay in the supply of parts and components for our products, or the inability to obtain those parts or components at acceptable prices and within a reasonable amount of time, could increase our costs and delay, prevent or impair our ability to manufacture our products and satisfy customer demand, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Supply Chain - Risk 3

Failure of Qorvo to Provide BAW Sensors could lead to delays or an inability to manufacture cartridges.

Manufacturing the TRUFORMA cartridges is dependent on the supply of BAW Sensors from Qorvo. If Qorvo fails to deliver the sensors in accordance with forecast, modifies the sensors so that they can no longer work with the TRUFORMA products, discontinues production of the BAW sensors or otherwise terminates the BAW Sensor Supply Agreement, we could experience delays in manufacturing, or an inability to manufacture cartridges.

Supply Chain - Risk 4

We may not be able to leverage the same supplier relationships or production efficiencies that Qorvo was able to achieve, resulting in risk of increased costs, longer lead times, and a lower quality of product.

Qorvo has been able to build and leverage favorable relationships with their suppliers given their time in the industry and their significant volumes and related demand. Upon taking over the manufacturing process from Qorvo, we will need to build the same relationships with the same set of suppliers. Given our new entry into the market, this may prove difficult as some suppliers may not be willing to take on additional customers, we may not be able to get the same pricing as more established customers, and/or we may be given less priority in terms of demand. All of these could negatively impact the availability and cost of materials and impact our ability to produce and deliver products to our customers.

Ability to Sell

Total Risks: 3/37 (8%)Below Sector Average

Competition2 | 5.4%

Competition - Risk 1

Our existing and future products will face significant competition and may be unable to compete effectively.

The development and commercialization of veterinary diagnostics and medical devices is highly competitive, and our success depends on our ability to compete effectively with other products in the market and identify potential partners for additional development and commercialization. There are several competitors in the companion animal diagnostic market that have substantially greater financial and operational resources and established marketing, sales and service organizations. We expect to compete primarily with commercial clinical laboratories, hospitals' clinical laboratories, other veterinary diagnostic equipment manufacturers and other energy-based therapeutics companies. Our principal competitors in the veterinary diagnostic market are IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Antech Diagnostics (a unit of Mars Inc.), Abaxis, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Zoetis Inc.), Heska Corporation, Zoetis Inc. In the veterinary therapeutic device market, our principal competitors are Companion Animal Health (a division of LiteCure, LLC), Summus Medical Laser, LLC, ELvation Vet USA, and other veterinary laser manufacturers. We must develop our distribution channels and build our direct sales force to compete effectively in the veterinary market.

Competition - Risk 2

We face unproven markets for our existing and future products.

The animal diagnostic and medical device markets are less developed than the related human markets and as a result no assurance can be given that our existing and future products will be successful. Animal owners, veterinarians, or other veterinary health providers in general may not accept or utilize any products that we may develop or acquire. The animal care industry is characterized by rapid technological changes, frequent new product introductions and enhancements, and evolving industry standards, all of which could make our products obsolete. Our future success will depend on our ability to keep pace with the evolving needs of our customers on a timely and cost-effective basis and to pursue new market opportunities that develop because of technological and scientific advances. We must continuously enhance our product offerings to keep pace with evolving standards of care. If we do not update our product offerings to reflect new scientific knowledge or new standards of care, our products could become obsolete, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Brand / Reputation1 | 2.7%

Brand / Reputation - Risk 1

In certain circumstances, our reputation could be damaged.

Damage to our reputation can be the result of the actual or perceived occurrence of any number of events, and could include any negative publicity, whether true or not. The increased usage of social media and other web-based tools used to generate, publish, and discuss user-generated content and to connect with other users has made it increasingly easier for individuals and groups to communicate and share opinions and views regarding us and our activities, whether true or not. Although we believe that we operate in a manner that is respectful to all stakeholders and that we take care in protecting our image and reputation, we do not ultimately have direct control over how we are perceived by others. Reputation loss may result in decreased investor confidence, increased challenges in developing and maintaining community relations and an impediment to our overall ability to advance our projects, thereby having a material adverse impact on financial performance, financial condition, cash flows and growth prospects.

Macro & Political

Total Risks: 3/37 (8%)Above Sector Average

Economy & Political Environment1 | 2.7%

Economy & Political Environment - Risk 1

The Company's operations and performance depend on global and regional economic conditions and adverse economic conditions can adversely affect the Company's business, results of operations and financial condition.

Adverse macroeconomic conditions, such as inflation, slower growth or recession, geopolitical conflict, new or increased tariffs and other barriers to trade, changes to fiscal and monetary policy, tighter credit, higher interest rates, high unemployment and currency fluctuations can materially adversely affect demand for the Company's products and services. In addition, consumer confidence and spending can be adversely affected in response to financial market volatility, negative financial news, conditions in the real estate and mortgage markets, declines in income or asset values, changes to fuel and other energy costs, labor and healthcare costs and other economic factors. In addition to an adverse impact on demand for the Company's products, uncertainty about, or a decline in, global or regional economic conditions can have a significant impact on the Company's suppliers, logistics providers, distributors, and other channel partners. Potential effects include financial instability; inability to obtain credit to finance operations and purchases of the Company's products; and insolvency.

Natural and Human Disruptions2 | 5.4%

Natural and Human Disruptions - Risk 1

We are subject to risks associated with public health crises, such as pandemics and epidemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have a material adverse effect on our business.

We are subject to risks associated with public health crises, such as pandemics and epidemics, which may have a material adverse effect on our business. Global health outbreaks, such as COVID-19, have and may continue to adversely affect our employees, disrupt our business operations and practices, as well those of our customers, partners, vendors, and suppliers. Public health measures by government authorities such as travel bans, social-distancing, lockdown measures, vaccination requirements may cause us to incur additional costs, limit our operations, modify our business practices, diminish employee productivity, or disrupt our supply chain, which may have a material adverse effect on our business. To the extent a public health crisis will impact our business, financial condition and results of operations depends on factors outside of our control, including severity, duration. and the measures to contain the health outbreak.

Natural and Human Disruptions - Risk 2

Severe weather events, including the effects of climate change, are inherently unpredictable and may have a material adverse effect on our financial results and financial condition. In addition, climate change legislation, regulatory initiatives and litigation could result in increased operating costs or, in some instances, adversely impact demand for our products.

Climate change may affect the occurrence of certain natural events, the incidence and severity of which are inherently unpredictable, such as an increase in the frequency or severity of wind and thunderstorm events, and tornado or hailstorm events due to increased convection in the atmosphere; more frequent wildfires and subsequent landslides in certain geographies; higher incidence of deluge flooding; and the potential for an increase in severity of the hurricane events due to higher sea surface temperatures. As a result, our business, including our customers and suppliers, may be exposed to severe weather events and natural disasters, such as tornadoes, tsunamis, tropical storms (including hurricanes), earthquakes, windstorms, hailstorms, severe thunderstorms, wildfires and other fires, which could cause operating results to vary significantly from one period to the next. These changes could negatively impact customer demand for our products and services as well as our costs and ability to produce and distribute our products and services. We may incur losses in our business in excess of: (1) those experienced in prior years, (2) the average expected level used in pricing, or (3) current insurance coverage limits. The effects of climate change also may impact our decisions to construct new facilities or maintain existing facilities in any areas that are or become prone to physical risks, which could similarly increase our operating and material costs. We could also face indirect financial risks passed through the supply chain that could result in higher prices for our products and resources as well as the resources needed to produce them, including higher energy costs. Additionally, climate change may adversely impact the demand, price and availability of property and casualty insurance. Due to significant economic variability associated with future changing climate conditions, we are unable to predict the impact climate change will have on our business.

See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.

FAQ

What are “Risk Factors”?

Risk factors are any situations or occurrences that could make investing in a company risky.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that publicly traded companies disclose their most significant risk factors. This is so that potential investors can consider any risks before they make an investment.

They also offer companies protection, as a company can use risk factors as liability protection. This could happen if a company underperforms and investors take legal action as a result.

It is worth noting that smaller companies, that is those with a public float of under $75 million on the last business day, do not have to include risk factors in their 10-K and 10-Q forms, although some may choose to do so.

How do companies disclose their risk factors?

Publicly traded companies initially disclose their risk factors to the SEC through their S-1 filings as part of the IPO process.

Additionally, companies must provide a complete list of risk factors in their Annual Reports (Form 10-K) or (Form 20-F) for “foreign private issuers”.

Quarterly Reports also include a section on risk factors (Form 10-Q) where companies are only required to update any changes since the previous report.

According to the SEC, risk factors should be reported concisely, logically and in “plain English” so investors can understand them.

How can I use TipRanks risk factors in my stock research?

Use the Risk Factors tab to get data about the risk factors of any company in which you are considering investing.

You can easily see the most significant risks a company is facing. Additionally, you can find out which risk factors a company has added, removed or adjusted since its previous disclosure. You can also see how a company’s risk factors compare to others in its sector.

Without reading company reports or participating in conference calls, you would most likely not have access to this sort of information, which is usually not included in press releases or other public announcements.

A simplified analysis of risk factors is unique to TipRanks.

What are all the risk factor categories?

TipRanks has identified 6 major categories of risk factors and a number of subcategories for each. You can see how these categories are broken down in the list below.

1. Financial & Corporate

Accounting & Financial Operations - risks related to accounting loss, value of intangible assets, financial statements, value of intangible assets, financial reporting, estimates, guidance, company profitability, dividends, fluctuating results.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights – risks related to things that impact share prices and the rights of shareholders, including analyst ratings, major shareholder activity, trade volatility, liquidity of shares, anti-takeover provisions, international listing, dual listing.
Debt & Financing – risks related to debt, funding, financing and interest rates, financial investments.
Corporate Activity and Growth – risks related to restructuring, M&As, joint ventures, execution of corporate strategy, strategic alliances.

2. Legal & Regulatory

Litigation and Legal Liabilities – risks related to litigation/ lawsuits against the company.
Regulation – risks related to compliance, GDPR, and new legislation.
Environmental / Social – risks related to environmental regulation and to data privacy.
Taxation & Government Incentives – risks related to taxation and changes in government incentives.

3. Production

Costs – risks related to costs of production including commodity prices, future contracts, inventory.
Supply Chain – risks related to the company’s suppliers.
Manufacturing – risks related to the company’s manufacturing process including product quality and product recalls.
Human Capital – risks related to recruitment, training and retention of key employees, employee relationships & unions labor disputes, pension, and post retirement benefits, medical, health and welfare benefits, employee misconduct, employee litigation.

4. Technology & Innovation

Innovation / R&D – risks related to innovation and new product development.
Technology – risks related to the company’s reliance on technology.
Cyber Security – risks related to securing the company’s digital assets and from cyber attacks.
Trade Secrets & Patents – risks related to the company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and to infringement claims against the company as well as piracy and unlicensed copying.

5. Ability to Sell

Demand – risks related to the demand of the company’s goods and services including seasonality, reliance on key customers.
Competition – risks related to the company’s competition including substitutes.
Sales & Marketing – risks related to sales, marketing, and distribution channels, pricing, and market penetration.
Brand & Reputation – risks related to the company’s brand and reputation.

6. Macro & Political

Economy & Political Environment – risks related to changes in economic and political conditions.
Natural and Human Disruptions – risks related to catastrophes, floods, storms, terror, earthquakes, coronavirus pandemic/COVID-19.
International Operations – risks related to the global nature of the company.
Capital Markets – risks related to exchange rates and trade, cryptocurrency.

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